514 



The lymphatic ganglia are increased four, five, six, or ten times their 

 natural size, enlarged by the engorgement of blood. The spleen shows 

 nodulated black spots containing a nmdtly blood, which is found teem- 

 ing with the virus. The mucous membranes of the intestines are con- 

 gested and brown ; the surface of the intestines is in many places de- 

 nuded of its lining membrane, showing fissures and hemorrhagic spots. 

 The liver has a cooked appearance; the kidneys are congested and 

 friable; the urine is red ; the pleura, lungs, and the meninges are con- 

 gested and the bronchi of the lungs contain a bloody foam. 



Un resinr,e : The symptoms rre those -which are found in any disease 

 with a rapidly decomposing blood. 



The treatment cf anthrax was entirely useless and ineffectual until 

 within a comparatively few years. The curative treatment, for which 

 almost every drug in the pharmacopoeia has been used, was without 

 avail, except, perhaps, the use of iodine, injected in the circulation in 

 as large quantities as could be tolerated by the system. This treatment 

 gives good results in the human being, but requires too much personal 

 attention to be economical in animals when the disease occurs in epi- 

 demic form, although it may be used iu the horse when occurring in an 

 animal of great value. 



The prophylactic treatment formerly consisted in the avoidance of 

 certain fields and marshes which were recognized as contaminated dur- 

 ing tlie months of August and September and had been occupied the 

 years in which the outbreaks usually occurred. It underwent, however, 

 a revolution after the discovery by Pasteur of the possibility of a pro- 

 phylactic inoculation which granted immunity from future attacks of 

 the disease equal to that granted by the recovery of an animal from an 

 ordinary attack of the disease. 



This treatment consists in an artificial cultivation of the virus of an- 

 thrax in broths, jellies, or other media, and in the treatment of it by 

 means of continued exposure to the atmosphere or to a high tempera- 

 ture for a certain length of time, which weakens the virus to such an 

 extent that it is only capable of producing an ephemeral fever in the 

 animal in which it is inoculated, and which yet has retained a sufficient 

 amount of its power to protect the animal from inoculation of a stronger 

 virus. The production of this virus, which is carried on in some coun- 

 tries at the expense of the government and is furnished at a small cost 

 to the farmers in regions where the disease prevails, in this country is 

 made only in private laboratories. 



GLANDERS, 



Synonyms : Glanders, Farcy, One form of I\^a$al Gleet, English ; 

 Malleus huinidus, Equina nasalis. Equina aposicviatos, Latin ; liotz, 

 Botzkrankhcit, German ; Snot, VerroUng, Dutch ; Moccio, Cia^^orrOf 

 Italian; Muenno, Spanish; Jlorve, Farcin, Freucii. 



