517 



of glanders. We flud a great variation in the manner and rapidity of 

 the development of the disi-ase in different individuals, and we find 

 that the contagion is much more apt to be carried to sound animals 

 under certain circumstances than it is under others. Only certain 

 species of animals are susceptible of contracting the disease, and while 

 some of these contract it as a general constitutional malady, in others 

 it only develops as a local sore. 



In acute glanders the contagion is found in its most virulent form, as 

 is shown by the inevitable infection of susceptible animals inoculated 

 with the disease, while the discharge from chronic semilatent glanders 

 and farcy may at times be inoculated with a negative result; agaiu, in 

 acute glanders, as we have a free discharge, a much greater quantity 

 of virus coutainiug matter is scattered in the neighborhood of an in- 

 fected horse to serve as a contagion to others than is found in the suiall 

 amount of discharge of the chronic cases. 



The chances of contagion are much greater when sound horses, asses, 

 or mules are placed in the immediate neighborhood of glandered horses, 

 drink from the same bucket, stand in the next stall or work in the same 

 wagon, or are fed from the same bales of hay or straw which have 

 been impreguated by the saliva and soiled by the discharge of sick ani- 

 mals. The contagion must terminate by direct contact of the discharges 

 of a glandered animal with the tissues of a sound one, either on the 

 exterior or when swallowed mixed with food into the digestive tract. 



Glanders is not infectious in the old acceptation of the word. Renault 

 made a large numberof experiments, forcing sound horses to breathe the 

 expired air of glandered horses for an hour and a half a day for seven 

 days, by means of a tube of canvas, and was unable to produce the 

 disease in any case. 



The stable attendants serve as one of the most common carriers of 

 the virus. Dried or fresh discharges are collected from the infected 

 animal in cleaniug, harnessing, feeding, and by means of the hands, 

 clothing, the teeth of the currycomb, the sponge, the bridle, and halter, 

 and are carried to other animals. 



An animal affected with chronic glanders in a latent form is moved 

 from one part of the stable to another, or works hitched with one horse 

 and then with another, and may be an active agent in the provocation 

 of the disease without the cause being recognized. 



Glanders is found frequently in the most iusidious forms, and we rec- 

 ognize that it can exist without being apparent ; that is, it may affifct 

 a horse for a long period withOnt showing any symptoms that will allow 

 even the most experienced veterinarian to make a diagnosis. An old 

 gray mare belonging to a tavern keeper was reserved for family use 

 with good care and light work for a period of eight years, during which 

 time other horses in the tavern stable were from time to time affected 

 with glanders without an apparent cause. The mare, whose only 

 trouble was an apparent attack of heaves, was sold to a huckster, who 



