523 



adlierent to the base of the tongue. It is not to be confounded with the 

 swelling, i)uffy, oedeniatous, and not to be separated from the skin and 

 subcutaneous connective tissues, which we fintl in strangles, in laryn- 

 gitis, and in other simple inflammatory troubles. 



These glands bear a great resemblance to the hard, indurated glands 

 which we find in connection with the collection of {)us in the sinuses ; 

 but in the latter disease the glands have not the nodulated feel which 

 they have in glanders. With the glands we find indurated cords, feel- 

 ing like balls of tangled wire or twine, fastening the glands together. 

 The essential symptoms of glanders are the tubercle, the chancre, the 

 glands, and the discharge. With the development of the tubercles on 

 the respiratory tract, according to their number and the amount of 

 eruption which they cause, wo may have a cough which resembles 

 that of a coryza, a laryngitis, a bronchitis, or a broncho-pneumonia, 

 according to the location of the lesions. In chronic glanders we have 

 the same accessory symptoms which we have in chronic farcy, the hem- 

 orrhage of the nose, the swelling of the legs, the chronic cough, and in 

 the entire horse the swelling of the testicles. 



On healing, the chancres on the mucous membranes leave small, 

 whitish, star-shaped scars, hard and indurated to the touch, and which 

 remain for almost an indefinite time. The chancres heal and the other 

 local symptoms disappear, with the exception of the enlargement of 

 the glands, and we find these so diminished in size that they are scarcely 

 perceptible on examination. During the subacute attacks, with a uiini- 

 muiJi quantity of local troubles, in chronic glanders and in chronic farcy 

 the animal rarely shows any amount of fever, but does have a general 

 depraved appearance; it loses flesh and becomes hide bound; the skin 

 becomes dry and the hairs stand on end. There is a cachexia, however, 

 which resembles greatly that of any chronic, organic trouble, but is not 

 diagnostic, although it has in it certain appearances and conditions 

 which often render the animal suspicious to the eye of the expert veterin- 

 arian, while without the presence of local lesions he would be unable to 

 state on what he has based his opinion. 



Acute glanders. — In the acute form of glanders we have the symptoms 

 which we have just studied in chronic farcy and in chronic glanders in 

 a more acute and aggravated form. We have a rapid outbreak of 

 tubercles in the respiratory tract which rapidly degenerate into chan- 

 cres and pour out a considerable discharge from the nostrils. We have 

 a cough of more or less severity according to the amount and site of 

 the local eruption. We have over the surface of the body swellings 

 which arc rapidly followed by farcy buttons, which break into ulcers; 

 we have tlie indurated cords and enlargement of the lymphatics. 



Bleeding from the nose, sudden swelling of one of the hind legs, and 

 the swelling of the testicles are apt to precede an acute eruption of 

 glanders. As the s^'mptoms become more marked the animal lias difia- 

 culty of resi)iration, the flanks heave, the resxjiratiou becomes rai)id, 



