APPENDIX. 



stations. It was both a sounding and a printing 

 telegraph, and used the earth as the return circuit. 

 Two bells of different tones gave all the combina- 

 tions needed for the alphabet. (Sturgeon's Annals, 

 April, 1839, Vol. III., p. 520; Comptes Eendus, 

 Vol. VII., pp. 590-93; see also Julius Dup's An- 

 wendung des Elektro-magnetismus, Berlin, 1863, 

 M Ed., 1873, sect. 5, pp. 339-347). 



SteinheiPs telegraph was in fact a galvanometer, 

 in which the needle was made to swing and strike 

 a bell, and to mark a paper by an inking apparatus 

 much like the cable recorder of to-day. It was 

 necessarily weak, and quite inferior to Henry's, of 

 1831, in which any amount of power can be got, 

 and a blow of any strength be delivered. 



NOTE W, PAGE 46. 



In the United States, patents are granted only to 

 inventors ; but in England they are granted to 

 those who "introduce" the inventions into the 

 Kingdom, whether they are inventors or not. The 

 English system, although not founded on so 

 high motives as the United States, is yet pro- 

 ductive of more public good, because it stimulates 

 enterprising men to seek for valuable improve- 

 ments everywhere in the world and introduce them 

 into Great Britain, where, perhaps, their authors 

 would never come, and where, without a patent, 

 no one would be interested in pushing them into 

 use. For a long time, in this country, the tele- 

 graph patent did not repay its owners for intro- 

 ducing it; and no one would have attempted it, or 

 persevered in it, unless in the hope of future 



