JUDGING BEEF CATTLE 67 



aspect of the face should appear triangular with the base 

 at the muzzle and the top at the line running between the 

 eyes. The openings of the nostrils should be very promi- 

 nent indicating that there is an abundance of lung ca- 

 pacity. The lower jaw should appear strong and well 

 clothed with muscle. The eyes should be large, somewhat 

 prominent yet placid, indicating a quiet, generous tem- 

 perament. Quietness and laziness are attributes of the 

 temperament favorable to the process of fattening and we 

 know that animals of lymphatic temperament have both 

 these characteristics. The head should not be long be- 

 tween the eye and the horn and the poll should be some- 

 what prominent and topped with a mass of wavy hair. A 

 fine texture is desired in the horn and it should be some- 

 what flat in shape and in no sense coarse. The ear should 

 be neatly attached to the head, pointed end covered inside 

 and on the edge with a profuse growth of fine, silky hair. 



116. Neck Short, Full. The neck should be short, in 

 fact many well bred steers appear as if they had none. 

 The top line from the base of the poll should run back 

 straight and almost level with the top of the shoulder. 

 The blade of the latter should fit closely to the body with 

 a nice slope so that the animal may have a gay carriage. 

 In steers that are very coarse in the shoulder with the 

 blade standing out from the body, this part is apt to show 

 bare of flesh giving also a marked appearance of shrinkage 

 in the girth just behind the blade. 



117. Chest Wide, Deep, Full. In this region the steer 

 should appear fully developed with the brisket light but 

 yet far enough advanced to fill out the squareness of the 

 frame to the proper degree. It will be found frequently 

 that the narrow chested animal is a poor feeder, which 

 makes but little progress in proportion to the feed that it 

 eats. In addition to the chest being wide it should also 

 be deep. The bottom of it should come down well between 

 the fore legs with no shrinkage behind these as may be 

 noticed frequently in animals that are deficient in con- 



