90 JUDGING CATTLE 



wide apart and evenly placed. It is desirable to have the 

 navel of such size that it may be easily noticed, and the 

 form in every part should have the open and relaxed 

 condition referred to in discussing developed cows. The 

 bull calf differs in no marked degree from the heifer calf 

 until it approaches the age of one year when the sex 

 characteristics have developed to a noticeable extent 



V. OFFICIAL STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE FOR CATTLE, 

 ABERDEEN ANGUS CATTLE. 



SCALE OF POINTS ADOPTED BY AMERICAN 

 ABERDEEN ANGUS ASSOCIATION BULL. Q 



Color Black. White is objectionable, except on the under- 

 line behind the navel, and there only to a moderate 

 extent; a white cod is most undesirable 3 



Head Forehead broad; face slightly prominent, and taper- 

 ing toward the nose; muzzle fine; nostrils wide and 

 open; distance from eyes to nostrils of moderate 

 length; eyes mild, full and expressive, indicative of 

 good disposition; ears of good medium size; well set 

 and well covered with hair; poll well defined, and 

 without any appearance of horns or scurs; jaws clean. 10 



Throat Clean, without any development of loose flesh un- 

 derneath 3 



Neck Of medium length, muscular, witih moderate crest 

 (which increases with age), spreading out to meet the 

 the shoulders, with full neck vein 3 



Shoulders Moderately oblique, well covered on the blades 

 and tap; with vertebra or backbone slightly above the 

 scapula or shoulder blades, which should be moderate- 

 ly broad 6 



Chest Wide and deep, also round and full just back of 



elbows 10 



Brisket Deep and moderately projecting from between the 



legs, and proportionately covered with flesh and fat. . 4 



Ribs Well sprung from the backbone, arched and deep, 



neatly joined to the crops and loins 8 



Back Broad and straight from crops to hooks; loins 

 strong; ihook bones moderate in width, not prominent 

 and well covered; rumps long, full, level and rounded 

 neatly into hind quarters 10 



Hind Quarters Deep and full; thighs thick and muscular, 

 and in proportion to hind quarters; twist filled out 

 well in its "seam" so as to form an even wide plane 

 between thighs 8 



