100 JUDGING CATTLE 



gree and conformation is often all that can be desired, but 

 because the bull is lacking in prepotent breeding power he is 

 an expensive failure. This quality is in a sense, difficult to 

 perceive or describe, but we know certain animals have it in 

 a high degree and others fail of it completely. It is fairly well 

 indicated by vigor of appearance, strong, resolute bearing and 

 abundant nervous energy. We would distinguish this from an 

 ugly disposition. A bull is ugly by the way he is handled rather 

 than by (his breeding. What we want is strong, impressive 

 blood. A dull, sluggish spirit and action, we consider it 

 indicative of a lack of true dairy prepotency, but we would pre- 

 fer to breed to a rather sluggish appearing bull with lirst class 

 rudimentaries than to a stylish one with badly placed rudi- 

 mentaries. 



RUDIMENTARY TEATS. 



We consider that a well balanced and well shaped udder in 

 the cow is largely due to the way the rudimentary teats are 

 placed on tiie sire. If they are crowded close together the re- 

 sult is likely to be narrow, pointed udders. If they are placed 

 well apart, of good size, and well forward of the scrotum, 

 the effect we think will be to influence largely the production 

 of well shaped udders in the resulting heifers and counteract 

 the tendency to ill-shaped udders inheritable from dams 

 deficient in this respect. We believe the future excellence 

 of the Guernsey cow will be greatly aided by close attention 

 on the part of her breeders to this point. 



RED POLLED CATTLE. 



DESCRIPTION OP STANDARD AND SCALE OP POINTS FOR RED POLLED CATTLE. 



COW. 



DISQUALIFICATIONS Scurs., or any evidence whatever of a 

 horny growth on the head. Any white spots on body above 

 lower line or brush of tail. 



COLOR Any shade of red. The switch of tail and udder may be -| 

 white, with some white running forward to the navel. Nose of , 

 a clear flesh color. Interior of ears should be of a yellowish, 



waxy color 2 



OBJECTIONS An extreme dark, or an extreme light red is not 

 desirable. A cloudy nose or one with dark spots. 



HEAD Of medium length, wide between the eyes, sloping grad- 

 ually from above eyes to poll. The poll well defined and prom- 

 inent, with a sharp dip behind it in center of head. Ears of 

 medium size and well carried. Eyes prominent ; face well dished 



between the eyes. Muzzle wide with large nostrils 6 



OBJECTIONS A rounding or flat appearance of the poll. 

 Head too long and narrow. 



NECK Of medium length, clean cut, and straight from head to 

 top of shoulder with inclination to arch, when fattened, and 

 may show folds of loose skin underneath when in milking form 3 



SHOULDER Of medium thickness and smoothly laid, coming up 



level with line of back 6 



OBJECTIONS Shoulder too prominent, giving the appearance 

 of weakness in heart girth. Shoulder protruding above 

 line of back. 



CHEST Broad and deep, insuring constitution. Brisket prominent 



and coming well forward 10 



BACK AND RIBS Back medium long, straight and level from 

 withers to the setting on of tail ; moderately wide, with spring 

 of ribs, starting from the back bone, giving a rounding ap- 

 pearance, with ribs flat and fairly wide apart 14 



OBJECTIONS Front ribs too straight, causing depression 

 back of shoulders. Drop in back or loin below the top line. 



