I04 



THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



It was not thoiit^ht jfood policy to en- 

 couraj^e trade in culls ( though two in- 

 quiries for culls A^ere received I on ac- 

 count of the use to which they may be 

 put h}- the vendors of glucose sold as hon- 

 ey, by cutting them in stri])s and pour- 

 ing liquid glucose over them, and selling 

 the whole for pure extracted honey. This 

 rule consigns the cull honey of the west- 

 ern slope bee-keepers to the Tuelting-pot; 

 for to all intents and purposes, there is 

 no home market there. Nevertlieless, 

 I shall in this point also follovv the major- 

 ity, if thought best. I do not want to in- 

 jure the trade; neither do I care to earn 

 my already small profits twice 1)\- work- 

 ing hard to nearly give away the culls. 

 The only point is, I do not object to hold- 

 ing the culls, from which I can at least 

 get wax and feed-honey, and which are 

 small in amount anyhow, but I do object 

 to the assumption that there always is a 

 home market. 'fhe spirit of the ruling I 

 am in favor of. 



It seems appropriate here to speak also 

 of a somewhat different subject. During 

 the past. two years, by co-operating and 

 shipping out.side of the State, in car lots, 

 better prices were obtained; and a few- 

 points from the ^experience thus gained 

 may be timely. They are supplied by Mr. 

 Frank Rauchfuss, who had the work in 

 charge. 



When shipping in cold weather, the 

 honey should always be kept in a heated 

 room for at least 24 hours before loading, 

 and 4<S hours would be better. This is to 

 avoid the cracking of combs. The pile 

 of honey in the car will not lose its heat 

 within a reasonable time. 



In this State, we simply can not afford 

 to use 12-pound cases. They cost entirelv 

 too much in proportion to the amount of 

 honey they contain. For that matter, 

 even the 24-pound cases cost too much. 



In local shi])ments, up to 50 cases, they 

 should be crated in crates holdings or 12 

 cases each. These crates should fit tight- 

 ly all around, but contain a space above 

 and below the cases for packing material, 

 such as excelsior or straw. A sheet of pa- 



per should be laid on top of the cases be- 

 fore putting the packing material above. 

 If one makes his own crates, it is better 

 to make them to hold 8 cases. When 

 they are to be reloaded on the way, it is 

 advisable to crate even as many as 100 

 cases. Handles on the crates are not 

 probably of any service; but if made, they 

 should be put on about the mitldle of the 

 crate, so that if used, the crate may be 

 lifted high enough to permit of walking 

 freely. The address, and a caution card 

 on the handling of honey, should be put 

 on top of the crate. The freight 

 handlers usually aim to have the address- 

 side of a package up. It is also well to 

 add the word GLASS in large lette-s. 



Larger lots should be ])iled in one end 

 of the car, three or four high when doub- 

 le-tier cases are used, and six high for 

 single-tier. If the shipment is made to a 

 city of some size, the freight handlers will 

 not put anything on top of the cases if 

 they are requested not to do so; as the 

 whole car may contain mixed freight des- 

 tined for that point. But concessions of 

 that nature can not be obtained when the 

 town to which the honey is shipped is 

 small. In that case, the freight is prefer- 

 red to be near the car door. The pile of 

 honey should be boarded up, and packed 

 with hay or straw. If the dimensions of 

 the car admit, no packing is needed at 

 the sides, but the cases may be fitted sol- 

 idly against the sides, unless packing is 

 required merely to fill up, but at the end 

 of the car a cushioning is required. Four 

 or five inches would be enough for this, 

 if the packing material could be tightly 

 compressed; but as this is much easier 

 accomplished when there is space enough 

 for a man to get in and tramp on it, twelve 

 or fifteen inches is better. When the 

 material is all in, a board should be fastened 

 above it, to prevent it from working up. 

 .\ sliglit littering, say ,'2 inch, of packing 

 material should be strewn on the bottom 

 of the car before loading, in order to re- 

 move inequalities caused by bolt-heads, 

 etc., so that the pile will be uniform 

 throughout. 



