304 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



Fall variety; Fameuse of Canada, Fall variety; Alexander of Russia, do.; 

 St. Lawrence, of Canada, do.; Calin Pippin, of Upper Canada, do.; Graven- 

 eteiu, of Germany, do.; Flemish, of Germany, do.; Northern Sweet, of 

 Keeseville, N. Y., do.; Hawthornden, of Scotland, do.; Keswick Codlin, of 

 Enp^land, do. 



He recommends planting orchards, in all cases, upon a northern slope, in 

 preference to any other aspect. The ground should be cultivated several 

 years before planting the trees, and afterward with some low-growing hoed 

 crop. Young trees should all be carefully staked, to prevent injury from 

 sweeping prairie winds. 



Mr. R. H. Williams. — I should like a subject discussed which, I think, 

 •would be very valuable for our farmers. Which is the most beneficial, the 

 large or small clover ? 



Mr. W. S. Carpenter contended that there is no difference in the kinds; 

 it is only the effect of climate. 



Mr. John P. Veeder. — I was told by a large dealer in clover seed at Al- 

 bany, that if Schoharie clover seed was sown in Ohio, it became the me- 

 dium clover. 



Adjourned. John W. Chambers, Secretary. 



March 8, 1864. 



Mr. Nathan C. Ely in tlie chair. 



The chairman read the following communication from Mr. L. W. Whit- 

 ing, Northfield, Minnesota : 

 To the Farmers' Club of the American Institute : 



Gentlemen — For the last year I have been a silent but interested ob- 

 Berver of your weekly doings, and am glad that there is a fountain con- 

 stantly open from which all in our broad country can obtain encour- 

 agement and reliable information while engaged in the patriarchal occu- 

 pation of agriculture. 



Gentlemen, you must be self-sacrificing — for if your business "pays," "I 

 don't see it." 



I am one of the very few men in the North who have been injured by 

 the rebellion, and as I am now taking my first lessons in farming, at the 

 age of fifty, I ask light on tlie following points : 



I have a piece of ground with an eastern exposure — naturally rich brush 

 land — has been cropped five or six years without manure. Question — 

 Should it be manured before setting out Delaware grapes the coming 

 epring ? If so, in what way ? 



I assume that carrots are the best root, all things considered, for cattle 

 and horses. Question — Are they equally so for hogs ? 



I assume that fodder, as a general thing, is most conveniently procured 

 by sowing corn. Question — Must the crop be cradled and bound in 

 bundles ? and what is the best corn for the purpose ? 



Of medium and marrow beans which is the most prolific, and should they 

 be planted in drills or hills ? 



What variety of sorgo is earliest or best for this latitude ? 



