* 



354 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



bricks were made out of two old mail pits, and the excavation was then 

 converted into a water reservoir for the whole establishmi-nt. All the 

 epouts of the building-s run into it. The water is pumped by the engine 

 into a raised cistern of wrought iron holding ten thousand gallons, and 

 thence distributed by taps. 



The present live stock yielding manure consists of 81 cows, 2 bulls, 100 

 hogs and 12 horses. All the liquid from the stables, cow houses, piggeries, 

 yards, cottages and bailiff's house drains underground to the tank. As the 

 general result of drainage, liquid manures, and other improvements effected 

 by Mr. Littledale, the yield of the whole farm is more than double what it 

 ■was ten years since, though the manure has been hitherto applied to nothing 

 but grass. He has ciglity acres of Italian ray grass, which forms the 

 earliest food for the cows, and nothing is bought except malt grains which 

 cost six hundred and fifty dollars per annum; and he sells turnips, potatoes 

 and straw; all the other crops are consumed on the farm. 



The produce sold consists of calves, bacon, milk and butter. The annual 

 produce of three of these items alone is as follows: 



Bacon $2,530 



Milk 18,250 



Butter 2,830 



$23,610 



The district in which this farm is situated is very favorable for agricul- 

 tural improvements, and within accessible distance of an immense popula- 

 tion. It might reasonably have been expected that Mr. Littlcdale's exam- 

 ple would have induced a spirit of emulation throughout the district, and 

 that steam engines and liquid manure tanks would have been as numerous 

 as the farms, still there is not another within five miles. 



Mr. Romilly has a farm near Bristol channel, on which he has completed 

 the following works for systematically applying liquid manure to about 

 one hundred acres of land, the geological formation of which is the blue 

 lias limestone, covered mostly with a heavy cold subsoil. There is first an 

 open fresh water tank supplied by land drainage and holding about 56,000 

 gallons; there are three collecting tanks and one mixing, the following are 

 their separate and aggregate dimensions: 



13 feet 3 inches by 7 feet by 6 feet 6 inches equals 3,855 gallons. 



31 feet 3 inches by 7 feet by 6 feet equals '. 8,703 gallons. 



46 feet 6 inches by 7 feet by 6 feet equals 12,171 gallons. 



22 feet 1 inch by 7 feet by 6 feet equals 6,781 gallons. 



Total 31,510 gallons. 



There is no steam engine upon the farm, the present application is 

 entirely by gravitation. Sluices are put down in the tanks, and when 

 those are drawn in the fresh water tank and one of the collecting tanks, 

 the stream flows into a mixing tank and thence through iron pipes to the 

 fields to be irrigated. In these fields hydrants are put down at distances 

 of 120 yards, and the distribution is by sixty feet of gutta percha hose, 

 and a jet pipe with a flattened orifice to discharge the stream in a thin 

 heet. 



