358 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 



liquid manure after it has been collected. How enormous a Tvaste is 

 incurred by the farmer who makes no eflbrt to collect, has already been 

 seen. 



The recent urine of a single cow in Flanders, where liquid manures are 

 appreciated, is valued at fifteen dollars a year, but is actually worth $20. 

 Let every stock farmer con over the facts above stated, give up the pur- 

 chase of foreign manures, and learn to appreciate the importance of taking 

 care of that daily going to loss at home. And it will be well to remember, 

 that cows urine, when left to ferment for several weeks alone, and with an 

 equal quantity of water, loses a large portion of its volatile matter, and in 

 these several states will yield in a year. 



Solid matter. Yielding ammonia. 



Recent urine 910 pounds. 225 pounds. 



Mixed with water seven weeks. .. . 860 do 199 do 



Unmixed after seven weeks 525 do 29 do 



A horse will eat in twenty-four hours: 



Carbon, Nitrogen, Saline matter, 

 grs. grs. gra. 



Seventeen pounds of hay, containing. . 45,550 1,510 9,000 

 Six pounds of oats, containing 15,500 660 1,170 



Total in the food 61,050 2,110 10,110 



Rejected from the lungs, &c 38,000 



Leaving to be rejected in the excretions 22,550 2,160 10,200 

 In the dung was left 22,550 1,180 10,540 



This shows the food in passing through the animal loses a variable pro- 

 portion of carbon, and little saline matter and nitrogen which possess the 

 fertilizing virtues of the manure, and this will rapidly lose weight if left 

 exposed in the farm yard. 



1,000 pounds of dry straw and food will yield in fresh dung. 25 cwt. 



At the end of 43 days 20 " 



After 57 days 18 " 



When half decomposed 14 " 



When decayed 10 " 



Therefore, if you will use manure in this form, instead of converting it into 

 a liquid, the sooner you draw it from j-our yards and plough it under, the 

 better, unless the soil is open and light, and ploughing in fresh dung will 

 make it more so, and thus injure its mechanical condition and chemical 

 nature. I have grown severally upon sandy loam soil by means of liquid 

 manure, 87 bushels of wheat to the acre, 100 bushels of oats, 428 bushels 

 of potatoes, and 60 tons of turnips; on the same soil, after lying six years 

 in grass, by the application of fresh manure ploughed under, 40 bushels of 

 wheat, 200 bushels of potatoes, 30 tons of turnips, 50 bushels of oats, 

 showing that the mechanical condition was changed. The average pro- 

 duce of sandy loam land is much below these quantities. The average of 

 England in bushels per acre is: 



AVheat 20 bushels. 



Barley 32 do 



Oats 35 do 



Potatoes 240 do 



