PROCEEDINGS OF THE POLYTECHNIC ASSOCIATION. 469 



At the water-sliops there are five miles of leather belting in use, Avhile 

 at the works on the hill the quantity greatly exceeds this amount. 



From the establishment of the armory to the present date, there have 

 been manufactured 1,097,660 muskets, 250 rifles, 1,000 pistols, 1,202 car- 

 bines, 8,660 musketoons, 4,806 cadets' arms, 18 model muskets and 16 

 model pistols and rifles. The reader will be surprised, perhaps, to learn 

 that there were 1,020 more muskets manufaftured at these works during' 

 the year 1811 than in the year 1854. In 1850 and 1851, 113,406 muskets 

 were altered in (heir locks, from flint to percussion, involving an amount 

 of labor equal to the manufacture of T,630 muskets. From 1809 to 1822, 

 inclusive of those years and exclusive of 1811 and 1812, nearly 50,000 

 muskets were repaired — involving labor equal to the manufacture of 

 11,540 muskets. 



In addition to the large number of muskets manufactured at the Govern- 

 ment works in Springfield, and which amount to upwards of three hundred 

 thousand per annum, there are a vast number of private establishments 

 throughout the Northern States, which turn out from two to five thousand 

 muskets per motith each. These various manufactories are situated at 

 Hartford, Norfolk, Windsor Locks, Norwich, Middletown, Meriden and 

 Whitneyville, Ct., Providence, R. I., Manchester, N. H., Windsor, Vt., Tren- 

 ton, N. J., Bridesburg, Pa., and New York cit}', Watertown and llion, N. 

 Y. Besides these, there are more than fifty establishments where separate 

 parts of the musket are manufactured in large quantities, and purchased 

 by Government to supply the places of those injured or destroyed in the 

 service. It is estimated that the private armories alone are manufacturing 

 monthly upwards of sixty thousand rifled muskets. The Government con- 

 tracts for these arms extend to January next, and the total number which 

 •will then have been produced will be enormous. The cost of manufacturing 

 a musket at the Government works is estimated at about nine dollars; but 

 the contract price to the private arms' companies is twenty dollars for 

 those which equal the Government standard in every respect, nineteen dol- 

 lars and ninety cents for those which lack a little in finish,, nineteen dollars 

 for the next grade, eighteen for the next, and sixteen for the lowest and 

 poorest which are accepted. 



As the arms are finished, they are sent away to the various Government 

 arsenals — those made in New England to Watertown, Mass. — wheie they 

 remain until the exigencies of the service require them. At the present 

 time, there is a sufficient number of new rifled muskets of the best quality 

 stored in the various arsenals to arm the entire levy about to be called 

 into the field — and should the war continue so long, there will be enough 

 manufactured during the next twelve months for a new levy of over one 

 million of men. These arms, it must be remembered, are entirely inde- 

 pendent of those ordered by the respective State governments, which would 

 swell the amount very largely. 



SuPER-HEATED StEAM. 



Dr. Warren Eowell further explained the super-heater on tiie steaiastirp 

 Scotia, by which it is said there is a saving of seven per cent. The pro- 

 cess is to mix the wet steam from the boiler with the dry steam in tha 



