AMERICAN INSTITUTE. . 227 



to tave it plowed pretty deep. Our land below where tlie plow usually 

 runs becomes very compact and hard, and I don't see what benefit the sub- 

 soil plowing of this year will be next year, when it has already packed 

 down again so hard. 



Mr. Pardee thought that if he had put on manure in proportion to the 

 increased depth, he would find the whole improved, and equal to the 

 top soil. 



Mr. Field. — I don't go against deep tillage, but I have a piece of filled- 

 in ground, nine feet deep, but it does not produce any better than soil that 

 is shallow. 



Mr. Fuller. — If jour soil is deep — no matter how deep — if the water 

 do not run down, the moisture will come up. I have a piece of ground 

 that was almost as hard as a brick, which I dug up two or three feet deep, 

 and manured richly, and it has been loose and moist ever since. 



The "best manner of preparing land and seed for winter grain," to be 

 continued. 



Adjourned to Monday, August 15th, at noon. 



H. MEIGS, Secretary. 



August. 15th, 1859. 

 Present, 43 members. Mr. "William Lawton in the chair. '^ 



The Secretary read his translations and extracts from foreign and home 



works on agriculture received by the American Institute since the last 



meeting, viz : 



[Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Iraperiale Zoologiquo d'Acclimatation, Paris, June, 1859.] 



SALMON IN PONDS, 



M. Jules Cloquet, a member of the Institute, speaks of domesticating 

 the salmon in ponds of fresh water. At St. Cucufa, near St. Cloud, in one 

 of the Emperor's domains, by M. Coste, utider the eyes of his Majesty, a 

 small pond (in a shady village,) about 2^ acres of surface, and in parts 19 

 feet deep, well grassed at bottom, the water cool and limpid, comes from 

 neighboring hills by filtration, forming a cascade at its outlet. Put in 

 order three years ago. Trout first put in are 20 inches long. 



In 1857 thousands of young salmon were put in among the trouts, and 

 notwithstanding their enmity, the little salmon have prospered so that last 

 month, by his Majesty's order, a net drew up more than 500 lbs. weight of 

 them. They are twenty-two months old, and are from five to eight inches 

 long, and weigh, on an average, 120 grammes. All these fishes are repro- 

 ducing. 



This raising salmon in close fresh water ponds is new to science. 

 Nothing appears to prevent the success of this magnificent experiment to 

 raise salmon. It appears now that salmon and trout lay their first eggs at 

 the age of eighteen months. 



Our Washingtonia, Sequoia giganta grows well in France, in England, 

 and in Van Houtte's garden at Ghent. Loves moist climate and soil, and 



