248 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



gallon of juice, but to a gallon of the mashed pulp of the currants, i& 

 wash out the juice, and a portion of this evaporates while the juice stands 

 in an open vessel. 



ISABELLA GRAPES. 



Prof, Nash — "We have conflicting testimony upon the failure of the Isa- 

 bella grape. Now, what are the facts ? Why, that we have several grapes 

 of different character, all under the name of Isabella. Now, under this 

 state of faf-ts, one may succeed and another fail, 



RINGING THE VINE. 



Andrew S, Fuller, of Brooklyn, exhibited specimens of Isabella and 

 Catawba grapes, to show the advantage of ringing to make them ripen 

 earlier. The bunches above the ring are fully matured, while those below 

 are entirely green. In ringing, take off a strip of bark quite down to the 

 wood, an inch wide, after the grapes are set. Of course, it destroys that 

 part of the vine above the ring, for the next year. To prevent rot, dip 

 the branches in strong sulphur water. 



Dr. Trimble — I girdled a vine, and got grapes earlier and larger. The 

 fruit above the ring never mildewed nor rotted, 



Mr. Fuller — The process is a most valuable one, and saves summer 

 pruning. It does not injure the vine to cut into the wood. Grapes may 

 be grafted successfully — a cultivated vine upon a wild root, 



BUDDING 



Can be done upon trees, when the bark does not peel, by fitting the 

 wood carefully together. Shellac is the best material to cover a graft 

 wound. 



GRAFTS 



Will keep equally well in good, lively sawdust or in moist earth, or per* 

 haps charcoal dust is the best material. That is what the Dutch gardeners 

 always pack their bulbs in when they really wish to have them live. 



CITLTIVATINO RASPBERRIES. 



Mr. Pardee read the following paper upon the cultivation of raspberries, 

 prepared by Master Caldwell, a boy 16 years of age, and a pupil in the 

 Collegiate Institute of Cornwall, Orange county, N. Y., under the charge 

 of Alfred C. Roe, who is doing a great deal toward the introduction of 

 agriculture and horticulture into our public schools : 



"In the following article on the Antwerp raspberry, I wish to present a 

 practical view of the manner in which the plant is cultivated, not founded 

 on any theoretical reasoning, but on actual observation and experience. A 

 deep, rich, and rather heavy soil, appears best adapted, though they yield 

 largely on slaty soils, also. The land should be very deeply plowed, and 

 heavily manured with coarse barn-yard manure, then thoroughly harrowed 

 and furrowed, as for corn making ; the hills four feet apart each way. 

 Next, set in three or four plants in each hill, cutting off the tops close to 

 the ground. This throws all the sap into the new shoots, making much 

 finer bushes the following year, and requiring no stakes the first season. 



