104 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



brightness of split pine wood, making a most brilliant and cheerful 

 fire, and lasting as long as the English cannel coal, and leaving 

 but a small quantity of white ashes, which can be used with 

 advantage in enriching garden soil. 



But the most notable features of this coal are, the various 

 oleagineous products which it contains. By distillation and 

 chemical decomposition, one ton of it can be resolved into one 

 hundred gallons of thin, oily tar, known as " crude coal oil." 

 This oil, upon re-distillation, will yield the following products in 

 their order, commencing at a temperature of 212° Fahrenheit, and 

 rising. 



1st, 20 gallons of benzole, a resinous matter, a colorless spirit, 

 useful for making "benzole gas," and also for dissolving crude india- 

 rubber or gutta-percha, preparatory to manufacturing articles; the 

 benzole evaporating and leaving the rubber solid and perfect. 



2d. 28 gallons of illuminating oil or " kerosine." A thin oil, 

 of a rich wine color, which will burn in a button-argand lamp, 

 with the whiteness and brilliancy of camphene, and has no 

 explosive qualities whatever. 



3d. 35 gallons of lubricating or " parafine oil," a fatty matter. 

 This oil can be made thin or less body, according to the amount 

 of " parafine " allowed to remain in it. Upon first coming over 

 from the still it is of a dark color, but can be easily made clea 

 and transparent. 



4th. 25 pounds of " parafine wax," a substance in ever} 

 respect equal to the finest candle wax, having a beautiful whitt 

 and transparent appearance. 



The residuum left after the re-distillation, is a very small 

 quantity of cinder, which would be of the nature of asphaltum, 

 if the parafine were not extracted. There must also be, aside 

 from this, some waste in process of purification. 



After the first process of extracting the " crude oil," there 

 remains in the retorts sufficient coke (of a good quality) to 

 supply fuel to every department of the manufactory. 



Some coal oil works now in operation make no distinction of 

 the above products, but convert the whole into an illuminating 

 oil, calling it " kerosine." [^ silver medal awarded. 



Statuary Marble Mantels. 

 John Kennedy, corner of 35th street and Broadway. 



Mr. Kennedy exhibited in 1855 seven different specimens of 

 mantels, of the most exquisite workmanship and design, and ex- 

 ecuted in the highest style of art. 



