AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 279 



Oils matter. Eut the green tea which we make in England to a 

 great amount, is made of old used tea leaves, sloe leaves, and bay- 

 leaves, with some gum and copperas, and an exact imitatio7i of 

 green tea is made. The j^oor, innocent tea drinker wonders what 

 kept him awake all night ! Chickory coffee is charged, by Prof. 

 Beer, the celebrated oculist, of Vienna, as being a cause of 

 amaurotic blindness. In London, livers of horses and oxen, are 

 baked and ground to powder, and sold for coffee at 8 to 12 cents 

 a pound ! Eoasted wheat, acorns, carrots, beans, parsnips, man- 

 gold wurtzel turnips, lupins, dog's biscuits. Horse chesnuts, all 

 make coffee. 



Cigars are, to some extent, made out of dock, colt's foot, and 

 other leaves. Snuff is vilely adulterated, and some poisonously, 

 red and yellow ochre, chromate of lead, red lead, bi-chromate of 

 potash. Loss of the use of limbs is produced by this adulteration. 



The pickle makers are shocking. 



THE GAPES, OR PIP IN CHICKENS. 



Solon Robinson — I hold in my hand a letter from a gentleman 

 at Duncan's Falls, Ohio, which gives some valuable information 

 for the cure of a troublesome disease in the poultry yards. As 

 it is so well written that I can read it almost as well as though 

 in good print, I will do so, as it appears to me to contain inte- 

 resting matter. 



I take it for granted that a few lines from a stranger will re- 

 ceive decent treatment at your hands, provided it is not on the 

 "gee-about system of ploughing," and is not written in " quail 

 tracks !" 



In the Tribune of the 30th of last month I read of the meeting 

 of the "American Institute Farmers' Club," held on the 29th, at 

 which meeting you read a letter from a friend in Westchester 

 county. New- York, in which he speaks of " gapes" in chickens. 

 That is the subject I wish to say something about. I have till 

 this spring lost many young chickens with that disease, but now I 

 feel perfectly easy on the subject. I can in fifteen minutes cure 

 any chicken of the gapes. 



Your Westchester friend is right about the worms being in the 

 windpipe; they are there, and unless removed will cause the 

 death of the chicken by crawling to the opening of the windpipe 

 and suflbcating it. Your friend cannot force them dow7i into the 

 crop or stomach of the chicken, because at the bottom of the wind- 

 pipe the lungs are situated, and it is by pressing the thumb and 



