308 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



some limit beyond which the size of animals cannot be increased, 

 and we see every day a tendency in fine breeds, poorly fed, to re- 

 turn to the original type. Besides this, as to the increase in the 

 weight of oxen at Smithfield market, was not that attributable to 

 the fattening of the animals being done with more system and 

 certainty? 



Judge Meigs — A fat man weighing 400 pounds might not have 

 any longer jaw bone than a thin man weighing 150 pounds. The 

 weight is generally the result of fat, rather than any great in- 

 crease in the size of the frame. It does not follow that the jaw 

 shall be larger on account of the weight of the animal. 



Prof. Mapes— It does not follow, but fat is not always the cause 

 of great weight. Take our working oxen for example. They 

 weigh heavily but are not fat. 



Mr. Lowe, thought that it was contrary to the teachings of Geo- 

 logy to suppose that the races of either man or animals had mate- 

 rially changed their average dimensions. 



Prof. Mapes replied that man, and those animals which he had 

 bred and domesticated for his own purposes, had increased in 

 stature, while those which he had not attended to had degene- 

 rated in this respect. The great Russian elephant, or mastodon, 

 was an instance of the degeneracy, and all the animals of labor of 

 the improvement referred to. The feet of some men being called 

 giants rather proved that great muscular men were the exception 

 rather than the rule in former times. The Eglinton tournament, 

 where the young men found that the coats of mail of former 

 warriors were too small for them, and many other instances fur- 

 nished by history, showed that the average statiu'e of man was in- 

 creased. He would be understood, however, as having made most 

 of his remai-ks for the sake of bringing out the Doctor. 



Dr. Waterbury made accurate chalk drawings of the Egyptian 

 and American ox jaw, with their measurements. The length of 

 the Eg}Tptian mummy jaw, lih inches; American, 14| inches. 



The absolute measurements of the Egyptian bone, (viz :) 

 From the back side of the chin or surface of union with its fellow 



to the extreme upper point of the bone, 14^ inches. 



From ditto to lower angle, 13 j 



From extreme upper point to extreme anterior point, 



(latter slightly imperfect,) 17 " 



From surface of condyle to extreme anterior point,, 17| " 



Width of bone at lower angle, 4^ " 



Distance of lower angle from articular surface, 7 " 



