AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 329 



COTTON. 



The valuable Essay on Cotton, prepared at the request of the 

 New- York Historical Society, by J. G. Dudley, in 1853. Pub- 

 lished by Putnam & Co., 10 Park place — contains, among other 

 interesting matter, some account of the very interesting manner 

 and progress of American genius and enterprise in the home man- 

 ufacture of it, from those of Samuel Slater, of Massachusetts, who 

 established the first cotton manufactory in the United States, at 

 the town of Pawtucket, in Rhode Island, to this day. The Mat- 

 teawan Factory became distinguished under the care of the Cor- 

 responding Secretary and agent of the American Institute — Wil- 

 liam B. Leonard. That gentleman has devoted his life to it, and 

 has improved the machinery. He has, at great expense and 

 difficulty, introduced the British improvements. He sent his 

 son, William A. Leonard to England /or, and he obtained the 

 celebrated " self-acting mule." 



The chronological table of the growth and trade in cotton, &c., 

 appended, is a valuable one. 



In 1801, the entire stock of American cotton in Liverpool was 

 one bag! 



1855. Cotton used in American factories, tivo hundred and 

 sixty millions of jjounds! 



The American Institute contends for home manufactures, na- 

 ture is with the Institute in this. America is a great producer, 

 and America will make up her products for the use of the world, 

 and she will out of tile products make profits. Who is against 

 her? when God, and the mighty continent he has given her, are 

 on one side only ! 



The Secretary read the following from Scotch authority, which 

 he said was very apt to be of solid w^orth. 



PHOSPHATE OF LLME. 



The basis of bone. This salt was pointed out in 1774 by 

 Scheele and Gahn. The first precise account of its properties is 

 due to Eckleberg, Fourcroy and Vauquelin. 



Calcine bone to whiteness, pulverise it, then wash it thoroughly 

 in pure water to separate the several salts that are soluble. The 

 residue is phosphate of lime, and a little cai-bonate of lime. Add 

 weak acetous acid, and it dissolves the carbonate; then wash the 

 remainder well, and you have pure phosphate of lime as a white 

 powder. It is found native in the form of regular six sided crys- 

 tals, and is called Apatite, from the Greek w^ord Aacraoj, to de- 



