386 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



Thus, ever since the days of Moses, the camel has been the 

 very centre of nomadic patriarchal life in the desert; without it 

 neither trade nor intercourse, nor life itself would be in the 

 Arab's power. As soon as the horse takes its place, as in the 

 desert of Gobi, lying between 36 and 44 degrees north latitude, 

 where both camels and horses are said still to exist in original 

 wildness, pastures become more fertile, occupations more varied, 

 and all relations more complicated; each province grows into a 

 state, each camp into a village, and soon there is but one more 

 step to feudalism and despotism. So close is the connection be- 

 tween climate and soil, and man and nature," 



RELATIVE POSITION OF COUNTRIES, &c. 



Arabia lies between 15 deg. and 30 deg., N. Latitude. 



Sahara; or, the Great Desert of Africa, 3,000 miles long, by 

 1,000 miles in width, being about the same latitude as Central 

 America and Mexico. 



Egypt lies between 23 deg. and 32 deg. N. Latitude, about the 

 same as Louisiana and Texas. 



Persia lies between 25 deg. and 40 deg. N. Latitude, the same 

 as the southern portion of the United States. 



Tripoli lies between 30 deg. and 32 deg. N. Latitude, the same 

 as Florida. 



Turkey, in Asia, lies between 30 deg, and 42 deg. N. Latitude, 

 being bounded on the north by the Black sea, which occupies the 

 same parallel of latitude as Lake Erie. 



Mecca, in Arabia, is in N, Latitude 21 deg., about the same as 

 Tampico, Mexico. 



Cairo, in Egypt, in N. Latitude 30 deg., is about the same as 

 St. Augustine, Florida. 



Jerusalem, in Syria, in N. Latitude 32 deg., about the same 

 as Savannali, Ga. 



Ispahan, in Persia, in N. Latitude 33 deg., about the same as 

 Charleston, S. C, or San Diego, California. 



Tunis, capitol of Tunis, in North Latitude 37 deg., same as 

 Norfolk, Va., or Monterey, California. 



Smyrna, in Turkey in Asia, in N. Latitude, 38 deg., about the 

 same as Richmond. 



Constantinople, in Turkey, in Europe, in N. Lat. 41 degrees, 

 about the same as New York. 



Paris, situated in about 49 deg. N. Latitude, enjoys the same 

 mean temperature as the city of New York, being 52 degrees 

 Fahrenheit. 



