438 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



ticularly advantngeous, if the leading agriculturists in the 

 diiferent counties of our several states, would provide well bred 

 male stock for the use of the people, either gratuituously or for 

 small remuneration. By encouragement of this kind, the highest 

 in the most important department of husbandry can he attained. 

 Every variety of pasture is fitted to raise animals to a certain size; 

 when a larger size are put in than the quality of the grass is 

 able to support, they, whether horses, sheep or cows, or in fact 

 any stock will degenerate, a smaller herd placed upon the same 

 pasture will increase, until they come up to the pitch which is 

 suittd to their nourishment. 



The breeding and rearing of cattle may be accomplished on all 

 iarms advantageously where coarse pasture abounds, and at the 

 same time means of raising green vegetables for winter use, that 

 they may be constantly kept in the best manner, this is of immense 

 importance in the raising of stock. Where young animals suffer 

 for food at an early period of their growth, or are fed on a poor 

 quality, they never thrive afterwards, or make good stock. This 

 applies to swine, sheep, horses, &c. In addition to good feeding 

 cleanliness is likewise essential in raising young stock. In win- 

 ter they should be fed with cut hay, carrots and turnips without 

 stint, a contrary practice will stop their growth, and it will never 

 be recovered by the kindest attention. At two years old the pro- 

 per food is hay, or if too dear, cut straw with an occasional 

 sprinkling of bran, or sliced turnips. A small portion of green 

 food in winter, given daily to stock under three years old, will 

 benefit them greatly, and there is no way that a breeder will be 

 better paid for his carrots, turnips, &c. than by so appropriating 

 them. At the same time it is necessary that the animals should 

 receive their food at regular periods, and never more than they 

 will entirely consume. If they are allowed to waste they do not 

 thrive as well. It is particularly necessary to keep young ani- 

 mals well sheltered and warm, and they will repay you for the 

 trouble by consuming much less food. My cattle are always 

 kept in stalls during the winter months, and daily curried; in 

 fair weather they are permitted to run in the barn yard in the 

 middle of the day. Young cattle of different ages should always 

 be kept distinct from each other, both in winter and summer, and 

 they will always feed without interruption or inconvenience to 

 each other. Some years since, when I permitted my cattle to run 

 more at large, winter and summer, I found they were unfit to take 

 the bull before they were fully three years old. Now by proper 



