AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 477 



3cl. In the oil-bearing seeds, such as hemp, &c., oil is the pre- 

 dominating ingredient, connected with a nitrogenous substance 

 resembling curd of milk, and with phosphate of lime. 



4th. In tlie potatoe, starch predominates united with albumen. 

 The inorganic matter abounds in potash and soda, and is more 

 rich in earthy phosphates than the ash left by wheat and oats. 



5th. In the turnip, sugar and pectin take the place of starch, 

 and are associated with albumen, and with a proportion of inor- 

 ganic matter about equal to that of the potato, abounding like 

 it in potash and soda, but more rich in the phosphate of lime and 

 magnesia. 



6th. In the stems of the grasses and clovers woody fibre be- 

 comes the predominating ingredient, associated with albumen, 

 and with a larger proportion of inorganic matter than in any of 

 the other crops. In the straw of the grasses cut for hay, silica 

 forms a large portion of this inorganic matter. In the clovers 

 lime and magnesia take its place. 



The natm-al differences above described not only exercise an 

 important influence upon the mode of culture by which the dif- 

 ferent crops may be most successfully raised, but also upon the 

 way in which they can be most economically employed in the 

 feeding of stock. 



In one hundred parts of wheat there are 



Husk or Stnreh, gum Gluten, Fatty Salino 



Water. wood fibre. and sugar, albumen and matter. matter. 



legumin. 



Wheat, 16 15 55 10 2 2 



Oats, 16 20 50 14 5 3 



Peas, 13 8 50 24 2 2 



Potatoes, ..75 5 12 2 1 4 



Clover hay, 14 25 40 9 3 8 



Corn, 14 15 50 12 9 1 



An acre of wheat growing twenty-five bushels will yield fifteen 

 hundred pounds at 60 lbs. to the bushel, this will produce 226 lbs. 

 of woody fibre, 826 lbs. of starch and sugar, 1 52 lbs. of gluten, 

 60 lbs. of oil, and 30 lbs. of saline matter. 



An acre of oats yielding 40 bushels, the grain will weigh 

 1,7*'0 lbs., and they will contain 350 lbs, of woody fibre, 852 lbs. 

 of starch and sugar, 231 lbs. of gluten, 96 lbs. of fat, and 61 lbs. 

 of saline. matter. 



Indian corn yielding tliirty bushels to the acre will weigh 

 1,800 lbs., contain 272 lbs. of woody fibre, 902 lbs. of starch and 



