AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 495 



and particulars were arrived at. The principal colors employed 

 are yellows, reds, including pink and scarlet, browns, purples, 

 blues and greens. Of the yellows, it appeared that seven were 

 colored with lemon chrome, or the pale variety of chromate of 

 lead; that five* were colored with orange chrome, or the deep 

 variety of chromate of lead; that forty-seven were colored with 

 the bright-colored variety of chromate of lead ; that eleven were 

 colored with gamboge; while the color of the majority of the 

 above samples was confined to the surface, in many cases it. was 

 diifused equally throughout the whole mass of the sugar used. 

 Of the red, sixty-one of the samples were colored with organic 

 pink coloring matters, consisting in most cases of coccus cacti; in 

 twelve of the samples, the coloring matter was red lead, red oxide 

 of lead, or minium. 



In six cases the coloring ingredient consisted of vermillion, 

 cinnabar, or bisulpliuret of mercury. Of the browns, eight 

 were colored with Vandyke' brown, umber or sienna; of the 

 purples, two with a mixture of Antwerp blue, consisting, ot 

 Prussian blue and cochineal; of the blues, one with indigo, 

 eleven with Prussian blue or ferrocyanide of iron, eleven with 

 Antwerp blue, a modification of Prussian blue, fifteen with 

 German or artificial ultramarina, which is a sulphuret of sodium 

 and aluminum; of the greens, five were colored with a pale 

 variety of Erunswick green, four with middle Erunswick green, 

 consisting of a mixture in different proportions of the chromates 

 of lead and Prussian blue, one with verdite or carbonate of cop- 

 per. The above colors were variously combined in different cases; 

 as many as three, four, five, six, or even seven colors occurring 

 in the same parcel of confectionary, including many poisons. It 

 further appeared from these analyses, that thirteen of the 

 samples were adulterated with hydrate sulphate of lime, twentj^- 

 one with different kinds of flour, seveateen wheat flour, three 

 potato flour, and in one East India arrow-root. 



There are many well attested instances of serious illness, if not 

 death, arising from the consumption of articles of sugar confec- 

 tionary which have been colored with those poisonous materials. 

 Scarcely a year passes without serious accidents happening, arising 

 from the employment of such j^igments in sugar confectionary; 

 there are instances of persons who hdve been killed outright by 

 them, and many more instances of persons being taken seriously 

 ill immediately after eating them. 



The adulteration of sugar confectionary is not alone confined to 



