AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 629 



by a set of self-acting stop valves, placed in the main near its 

 lower end; and it is also furnished with two stop-cocks of the 

 ordinary form, which may be closed when required. 



Tke Receiving Reservoir. — This is situated on Belleville ridge, 

 about 3,000 feet from the bank of the river. Its form is that of 

 a parallelogram; the length is 390 feet, the breadth 318 feet, the 

 depth 19 feet, and it is intended to contain 16 feet water, or about 

 10,334,229 imperial gallons. Nearly half its depth was exca- 

 vated, and the remainder was obtained by .raising an earthen 

 embankment, with a puddle wall in the middle of its breadth, 

 to the top water line, which is 157 feet above ordinary high 

 water in the Passaic. 



The embankment is twelve feet wide on the top, and has a 

 slope of one foot vertical to two feet horizontal on the outside, 

 and one vertical to one and a half horizontal on the inside. The 

 outside slope is sodded to the top, and the inside is faced with 

 bricks laid in cement, as high as the top water line. A small gate 

 house at the southeast angle encloses the gates and screens of the 

 outlet pipes, of which there are two, one of 20 inches, and one of 36 

 inches diameter. The smaller one only is used at present, the 

 larger, extending no further than the outside of the embankment, 

 to be used when the demand for water shall render a larger sup- 

 ply necessary than the 20 inch will convey to the distributing 

 reservoir. A similar provision exists at the opposite angle, a 36 

 inch pipe being laid through the embankment, to which another 

 rising main may be attached whenever such addition shall become 

 necessary. 



The Connecting Pipes between the Receiving and Distributing 

 Reservoirs. — These are 20 inches in diameter, cast in the usual 

 form, with spigot and faucet joints, and were laid in the ordinary 

 way wherever the ground was sufficiently solid, but at least 

 three-fourths ol them were laid upon a marsh so wet and soft, and 

 containing so many stumps and roots, that any attempt to lay 

 them in a trench would have proved impracticable. 



In that pai-t of the line they were therefore laid upon the 

 surface, and have a covering of earth forming a low embank- 

 ment, which is composed partly of marsh mud and partly of 

 gravel, taken from Eelleville ridge. 



For short distances, near the solid ground at each side of the 

 marsh, two rows of piles were driven and capped to serve as a 

 foundation for the pipes; but the largest proportion of them were 

 laid upon a bed formed by cutting away such portions of the 



