THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



79 



required to kill them. My theory 9eems to 

 go to smash under these experiments. The 

 remarkable immunity which foundation 

 users have certainly had (for the most part) 

 seems to rest mainly on the fact that live 

 spores are very heavy, and go to the bottom. 

 But just think how easily a little of the dregs 

 might be bungled into one of the dark color- 

 ed sheets. 



Our enemy is a salamander. In wax kept 

 at the boiling point he held out two hours. 

 Two and a half hours finished him. When 

 the heat was moderated to 194° it took three 

 hours. He laughs at germicides. Put in a 

 two per cent, solution of carbolic acid, he 

 was at the end of six days still " holding the 

 fort." One per cent, of Beta Naphthol put in 

 the hot wax had little or no effect in hasten- 

 ing his death. So far as drug remedies go, 

 the upshot seems to be that they temjioraxily 

 stoj] the germs from growing, and in the 

 interim the bees themselves (and nature) 

 may get the upper hand. As the best that 

 can be done, where frames and hives are to 

 be cleansed without prolonged boiling, Mac- 

 kenzie advises ten per cent, of soft soap in 

 water, or a strong solution of washing soda. 

 Either, if used thoroughly enough, and hot 

 enough, is declared better than five per cent, 

 of carbolic acid. 



A windfall joke occurs on page 311. Man- 

 ager Newman telling how hard he is going 

 to work for the new Union against honey 

 mixers, tries to say he will send his letter to 

 every bee-paper and endeavor to get the 

 vieivs of the editors ; but the wicked types 

 make him say " endeavor to pe< the tnews of 

 the editors." Not a bad idea, from a worldly 

 point of view. If you want to get anything 

 out of an editor pet his views. 



Canadian No. 2 is mainly occupied with an 

 excellent report of the Washington conven- 

 tion, and No. 8 with the Ontario convention. 

 The Dominion folks got so entranced with 

 our editor that they said he would pass for a 

 Canadian anywhere. On page 341 friend 

 Dibbern thinks a home-made brick furnace 

 eight inches thick (doors from an old cook- 

 stove) the proper thing to warm a cold win- 

 tering cellar— gives such a steady heat, and 

 holds it so long. McEvoy's plan of winter- 

 ing on early sealed combs from the super, 

 and holding the late honey and stuff from 

 below in reserve for spring, seems splendid 

 tactics for the bees. Takes a good location 

 to be able to afford it. I would also amend 

 by allowing one outer comb with pollen in 



it. Bees get to be cannibals when they have 

 no pollen, if I am right — break up the bodies 

 of the dead and suck the juices. In visiting 

 184 apiaries the foul-brood inspector found 

 about a thousand cases. His office is not a 

 sinecure, certainly. 



The General round Up, 







That is a wonderfully spirited engraving 

 of Doolittle in A. B. J. No. 7. You could'nt 

 tell from the look of him whether he was a 

 Major General or the Commander in Chief. 

 I don't believe he is quite so ferocious. 

 Since Jan. 1st we have had also a fine picture 

 of Dr. Miller, tolerable ones of Elwood and 

 James A. Green, and poor ones of B. Taylor, 

 Adam Grimm and Eugene Secor. 



Baldensperger in Gleanings, page .53, gives 



valuable and rare records of the fertilization 



of queens, one the first day after leaving the 



cell, two the second day — and so on to one 



which was fertilized the 30th day, and did 



pretty well. A medal to our brother from 



the Holy Land. But possibly unusual blood 



had something to do with these unusual 



facts. 



"The average time is six or seven days." — 

 Dadant. 



Cases of impregnation at 40 days, and 46 

 days given on page 48 of Gleanings. 



Wanted. The usual time when a queen 

 passes beyond hopes of fertilization. 



Dr. Miller in Gleanings, page 47, says of 

 the emerging of queens, "Thirty years ago 

 sixteen days was not the orthodox time. It 

 was 17 or 18." And now often 15. 



Is it just barely possible that the accelera- 

 ted development of queens, as compared 

 with workers, is a recent development ? and 

 still going on ? and much more manifest in 

 bees manipulated for several generations 

 than in neglected ones ? 



In order to get young bees to shift their 

 quarters, as Doolittle shows, the hive must 

 be moved while they are out at play. 



Edwin France saw bees working across a 

 lake six miles wide. A. B. J., page 8S. 



The compression of getting into a worker 

 cell is not what determines that an egg shall 

 be worker and not drone. Mrs. Atchley in 

 repeated cases of eggs laid in her hand has 

 made her bees rear workers from them — 

 never drones. Even the ones reared in 

 drone cells were workers. Medal for -Jennie. 

 Also she finds that Cyprian workers lay mul- 

 titudes of eggs inside of 48 hours from the 

 removal of the queen. See A. B. J., page 



