132 



THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 



filled with planer shavings. To overcome 

 the diflBculty of packing three fire barrels 

 equally tight, I made a cylinder of wire 

 cloth, four meshes to the inch, and over one 

 end I sewed on a cap of eight meshes, to pre- 

 vent the fuel from wasting. I then put in 

 basswood planer shavings, packing them 

 down with the handle of a hammer, till it 

 was within half an inch of being full. In 

 correspondence with Mr. Crane he expressed 

 the opinion that his smoker would give a 

 stronger blast through a charge of fuel, par- 

 ticularly if there happened to be a layer of 

 spent fuel on the grate. To get a layer, of- 

 fering an obstruction equal to this layer of 

 spent fuel, I first laid a large piece of cheese 

 cloth over the shavings in the cylinder, and 

 on this I packed enough fine sawdust, from 

 beneath the table of my foot power saw, to 

 fill the cylinder. I next doubled over several 

 thicknesses of cheese cloth, and over all I 

 sewed on a grate, having legs as in the Bing- 

 ham. To make the cylinder a tight fit in the 

 fire barrels I wrapped around it, an^ sewed 

 fast some four or five thicknesses of cheese 

 cloth, making it so tight that it required 

 considerable pressure to send it down in the 

 barrels, and requiring a bail to draw it out. 



In my experiments I first put this cylinder 

 in one barrel and noted the result. I then 

 withdrew it and placed it in another barrel, 

 and so on. In this way I had exactly the 

 same obstruction in each case. 



I wish to say in passing that I now think I 

 overdid the matter in packing the fuel so 

 tight. I believe that an examination of the 

 cylinder, now in Mr. Hutchinson's posses- 

 sion, will show that the obstruction is greater 

 than ever occurs in practical work. In con- 

 sequence, the Bingham smoker and my own, 

 which had most to lose by a reverse current, 

 showed up to worse advantage than they 

 would have done with an ordinary charge. 



To enable me to hold the nozzles firmly at 

 the same distance from the instrument, I 

 bored a hole in a board to take the nozzles, 

 and nailed the board to brackets, so that I 

 could fasten it down on edge. 



With these preparations I went to Toronto 

 and was fortunate in there meeting with Mr. 

 Gemmill, president of the O. B. A., who 

 kindly assisted me in the experiments, which 

 lasted over two hours. I am under obliga- 

 tions to Messrs. Smead, David A Co., for the 

 use of their anemometer. 



After some preliminary trials we decided 

 that after each stroke of the bellows we 



would wait till the force came to a dead stop 

 before giving another puff, and that in each 

 experiment one of us should give four puffs, 

 and note the result, then the other four puffs, 

 and note the result again. The figures be- 

 low show the distance travelled by the indi- 

 cator as the result of four puffs on the fan. 



EXPERIMENT NO. 1. 



Enclosed currents in each smoker. Empty 

 fire barrels. Distance from anemometer 17 



inches. 



Operated by Operated by 



Smoker Cornell. Gemmill. Ave. 



Bingham 18 21 19'/j 



(liane 10 12 11 



Curneil 36 36 36 



BXPEBIMENT NO. 2. 



Enclosed current. Fire barrels loaded. 

 Distance 12 inches. 



Operated by Operated by 



Smoker. Cornell. Gemmill. Ave. 



Bingham 16 18 17 



Crane M 10 10 



Cornell 30 30 30 



EXPERIMENT NO. 3. 



Bingham and Cornell smokers with in- 

 duced currents, the connecting tubes being 

 now removed. The Crane as before. Fire 

 barrels empty. Distance 17 inches. 



Operated by Operated by 



Smoker. Corneil. Gemmill, Ave. 



Bingham 28 22 25 



Crane 11 10 ^QV^ 



Corneil 52 50 51 



EXPERIMENT NO. 4. 



Air currents same as in No. 3. Fire bar- 

 rels loaded. Distance 17 inches. 



Operated by Operated by 

 Smoker. Corneil. Gemmill. Ave. 



Bingham 10 10 10 



Crane 6 7 6'/i 



Corneil 12 12 12 



Comparing the average in No. 1 with the 

 average in No. 3 we have 



Enclosed Induced 

 currents, currents. 



Bingham IS'i 25 



Crane .11 — 



('orneil '^ 51 



Unfortunately through an oversight, which 

 I did not discover till after I returned home, 

 experiments Nos. 2 and 4 were conducted at 

 different distances. On this account we 

 cannot make an accurate comparisou in the 

 case of the Bingham and the Corneil 

 smokers, with enclosed and induced cur- 

 rents, when the barrels were loaded. I re- 

 gret this very much. The Crane was in the X 

 same condition in both experiments, except M 

 as to distance. At 12 inches the distance 

 travelled by the indicator is represented by 

 10 (see experiment 2), and at 17 it is G)^ 

 (see experiment 4). Supposing the results 

 in the cases of the other two smokers to M 



J 



