THE BULLDOG. 



45 



of the centre of the skull. This angle of the 

 nose and face is known as the layback, 

 and can onl}' properh- be ascertained by 

 vie\\-ing the dog from the side. 



Dogs ha\-ing flesh-coloured noses are 

 called '■ Dudleys " on account of a strain of 

 such animals ha^-ing been kept at Dudley 

 in Worcestershire. Dogs possessing this 

 blemish have invariably light-coloured ej-es 

 and a \"ello\v appearance in the face gener- 

 ally. Although the Bulldog Club decreed 

 in 1884 that dogs having Dudley noses 

 should be disquahfied from winning prizes 

 at any show, it is of interest to point out 

 that the special prize for the best dog in 

 the show was awarded at the Bulldog 

 Club's first show in 1876 to Bacchus, who 

 had tliis defect, .\nother good dog with 

 a Dudley nose was Saliib, the sire of Don 

 Pedro, who in turn was the sire of such 

 good dogs as Champions Dn,-ad, Don Salano, 

 Ivitt}- Cole, His Lordship, and Cigarette. 

 Efforts are being made to breed out tliis 

 defect, although otherwise good specimens 

 still occasionally appear from certain well- 

 known strains. Other dogs have a parti- 

 coloured or " butterfly " nose, which detracts 

 from their general appearance, but, unlike 

 Dudleys, thej' are not disqualified for the 

 blemish. 



The incUnation backward of the nose 

 allows a free passage of the air into the 

 nostrils whilst the dog is holding his quarry. 

 It is apparent that if the mouth did not 

 project beyond the nose, the nostrils w^ould 

 be flat against the part to which the dog 

 was fixed, and breatliing would then be 

 stopped. 



The upper lip, called the " chop," or 

 flews, should be thick, broad, pendant and 

 verj' deep, hanging completely over the 

 lower jaw at the sides, but only just join- 

 ing the under lip in front, yet covering 

 the teeth completely. The amount of 

 " cushion " which a dog may have is 

 dependent upon the thickness of the flews. 

 The Ups should not be pendulous. 



The upper jaw should be broad, massive, 

 and square, the tusks being wide apart, 

 whilst the lower jaw, being turned up- 

 wards, should project in front of the upper. 



The teeth should be large and strong, 

 and the six small teeth between the tusks 

 should be in an even row. The upper 

 jaw carmot be too broad between the tusks. 

 If the upper and lower jaws are level, 

 and the muzzle is not tmned upwards 

 the dog is said to be " down-faced," whilst 

 if the underjaw- is not imdershot he is said 

 to be " froggy." A " wxy-faced " dog is 

 one ha\ing the lower jaw twisted, and this 

 deformity so detracts from the general 

 appearance of the dog as seriously to 

 handicap him in the show-ring. 



The underjaw projects be3'ond the upper 

 in order to allow the dog, when running 

 directly to the front, to grasp the .bull, and, 

 when fixed, to give him a firmer hold. The 

 eyes, seen from the front, should be situated 

 low dowTi in the skull, as far from the ears, 

 the nose, and each other as possible, but 

 quite in front of the forehead, so long as 

 their comers are in a straight hue at right 

 angles with the stop, and in front of the 

 forehead. They should be a httle above 

 the level of the base of the nasal bone, 

 and should be quite round in shape, of 

 moderate size, neither sunken nor promi- 

 nent, and be as black in colour as possible — 

 almost, if not quite, black, showing no white 

 when looldng directly to the front. 



A good deal of a Bulldog's appearance 

 depends on the qualit}^ shape, and carriage 

 of his ears. They should be small and thin, 

 and set high on the head ; that is, the 

 front inner edge of each ear should, as 

 \iewed from the front, join the outhne 

 of the skull at the top comer of such out- 

 hne, . so as to place them as wide apart, 

 as high, and as far from the eyes as possible. 

 The shape should be that which is knowoi 

 as " rose," in wiiich the ear folds inward at 

 the back, the upper or front edge cur\ing 

 over outwards and backwards, showing 

 part of the inside of the burr. If the ears 

 are placed low on the skuU they give an 

 apple-headed appearance to the dog. If 

 the ear falls in front, hiding the interior, 

 as is the case with a Fox-terrier, it is said 

 to " button," and this type is highl}' objec- 

 tionable. Unfortunately, within the last 

 few years the " button " and " semi-tuhp " 



