78 THE COMPLETE HOME LANDSCAPE 



Winter Protection 



TREES and shrubs used to any great extent in landscape planting 

 are hardy, and need little or no protection. Notwithstanding 

 this, it is a good practice to spread a layer of manure over the bed 

 after the soil is frozen, especially the first Winter after transplanting 

 or until the planting is established. All tender and half-hardy shrubs 

 can be effectively protected by burying them according to the method 

 described for tree Roses (page 90). Small shrubs can be covered 

 with baskets, barrels, and boxes as is suggested for Rose bushes. 



Roses. The protection of Roses is taken up under "Rose Gar- 

 dens" (page 90). Pine or evergreen branches can also be placed among 

 the bushes. 



Evergreens. The greatest danger that evergreens need protec- 

 tion from is the Winter and Spring sun. The low temperatures freeze 

 the sap in the foliage; then when the sun strikes the leaves, the sap 

 thaws out rapidly, breaking down the cell walls. The bad "scalding" 

 that results turns them quite brown. The object, then, is to provide 

 shade in the right place. This can be effected by sticking native Pine 

 branches into the ground on the south and east sides of the evergreens. 



Another method is to "box" the evergreens with cheesecloth, or 

 to build a tent-like arrangement around them after covering the whole 

 with straw. They can also be loosely wrapped in burlap, but this is 

 not so good a method as it is liable to crowd the branches. A good 

 mulch of manure on the soil will protect the surface roots. Dwarf 

 plants can be simply covered with Pine boughs. 



Bulbs. A good layer of manure is all that is necessary for ordi- 

 nary Spring-fiowering bulbs. The danger involved in wintering half 

 hardy or tender bulbs is less that of their freezing than that of their 

 decaying. The latter result is caused by standing water which can 

 be prevented by mounding the soil above the bulbs so that the water 

 is quickly shed. 



Herbaceous perennials. No one general method can be applied 

 to all perennials, but the majority can be covered merely with light, 

 long manure or hay (preferably salt hay) which must not be apphed 

 until after the ground is frozen. If the manure is used, a good plan is 

 to stick pegs into the border a foot or so apart, near the plants, to keep 

 it from resting directly on them. In the Spring dig the finer parts of 

 the manure under. 



