90 THE COMPLETE HOME LANDSCAPE 



and can be located by the abrupt growth of branches from the stem 

 (Fig. 84). This point of union should be about two inches under the 

 surface when the bush is planted, so the depth to plant depends upon 

 the height of the bud on the stem. Of course, if this bud is seven or 

 eight inches high it is not advisable to bury the roots so deeply. The 

 object is to induce the plant proper to throw out its own roots, and 

 to prevent suckering from the stock. Plant firmly and keep the sur- 

 face soil loose. Should the soil be dry, the plants should be thoroughly 

 soaked, but this is not often necessary. 



If pot grown plants are used the planting season is lengthened into 

 Summer, but the mere fact that the roots have been forced into a pot 

 seems to suggest unnatural cramping, and field grown plants are 

 recommended in preference. 



PROTECTION OF ROSES 



There are many methods of protecting Roses from Winter damage, 

 but the most effective consists of mounding the earth around the base. 

 The soil is scraped from between the bushes and heaped up around the 

 base to a height of about six to eight inches (Fig. 85). This covers the 

 stem and the lowest buds of all the main shoots and eliminates the 

 possibility of water collecting and standing around the plant. After 

 the surface is frozen solid, spread long manure, hay or straw among 

 the bushes all over the bed. This layer should not be too heavy; a 

 one- to two-inch thickness is plenty. The soil is thus kept from al- 

 ternately thawing and freezing. In Spring, after all danger of hard 

 frost is over, and before the sun becomes strong, the covering can be 

 raked off and the soil leveled. Sometimes, where only a few plants are 

 grown, they can be covered with inverted boxes or peach baskets. 

 This has been found very effective in cold climates, especially if the 

 basket is filled with leaves. 



Climbing Roses. Young Rose vines that are not firmly estab- 

 lished on trellises, etc., can be laid down and entirely covered with soil 

 and then manure. Old plants do not need this protection as the 

 support itself serves to shelter the plant to some extent. However, 

 it is safest even in the case of the old vines to mound up the soil at 

 the base. Sometimes strips of burlap are nailed or fastened across the 

 whole plant, hay being stuffed inside. 



Standard or Tree Roses. The only sure method of keeping 

 these alive through Winter is to dig on one side of the roots so that 

 the whole plant can be bent over. Then dig a shallow trench as long 



