LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Fig. Page 



I, 2. Roots of Quercus Pedunculata grown between rocks 79 



3. Spruce root with fleshy compensatory root 81 



4. Stihed spruce near Schonmiuizach 93 



5, 6. Stilted pine from Grunewald 95 



7, 8. Resin galls on stilt-like roots of the pine 96 



9. Rye seedling with too deep sowing 112 



10. Cross section through the lowest node of young rye plant 1 14 



11. Wheat grains with roots from testa at tip of seed grain 116 



12, 13, 14. Microscopical enlargements of Fig. 11 117, 119 



15. Dwarf s])ecinK'n of Thuja ob'usa i J3 



16. Cutting from potato tuber with the filament disease 162 



17. Prolilicatcd potato • • . 163 



18. Parenchyma cell from ripe apple after treatment with undiluted glycerin 169 



19. Pear diseased with Lithiasis 171 



20. Cross-section of stone cell from pear shown in Fig. 19 173 



21, 22. Corresponding sections through a cultivated and a wild carrot 181 



23. Apple root with ruptured tan spots 210 



24. Cross-section through a tan spot in an apple root 211 



25. Bark of apple tree trunk with tan spots 212 



26. Cross-section through tan spot on trunk of apple tree 213 



27. Cherry branch with tan cushions 214 



28. New wood on a bark wound of a cherry trunk 216 



29 A "meadow ore pine" 246 



30. Roots of an oak in meadow ore 247 



31. Moor pine with flatly extended roots 248 



32. Canker-like, wounded place on the moor pine 249 



33. Spruce family produced by natural layering 254 



34. Oak with a formation of sinkers 255 



35. IMouldy bark scale of a moor pine 259 



36. Seedless pear : 294 



27. Cross-section through branch of Rhamnus cathartica 298 



38. Cross-section through thorn of Rhamnus cathartica 299 



39. Leaf injuries from a lack of potassium 302 



40. Buckwheat plant grown in a normal nutrient solution 307 



41. Buckwlieat plant grown in a solution free from chlorin 308 



42. Bean plant split as the result of excess of water 322 



43. Apple core with woolly streaks 324 



44. Rupture of carpel of apple due to a woolly streak 325 



45. Elm bark with protruding tissue islands 328 



46. Elm bark with bark excrescence (cross-section) 329 



47, 48. Fasciated branch of Picca cxcclsa 332 



49. Fasciation of AInus glutinosa 233 



50. Dropsy in Ribes aurcuiii 336 



51. Transitional stages between normal and leafy hop catkins 343 



52. Carrot diseased with deep scurvy 367 



53. Lentical formation on the potato skin 369 



54. Cone disease in the Scotch pine ^^73 



55. Sprouting pears 374 



56. Larch cone with growth of the axis continued 375 



57. Rosette shoot of a Scotch pine 377 



58. Peeled, gnarled growth of the maple 379 



5Q. Gnarl formation on branches of .\Ialus sinensis 380 



60. Cross-section through a gnarl cushion 380 



61. Longitudinal section through the spikes of a gnarl 381 



62. Gnarl formation in the black currant 382 



63. Cross-section through twig covered with gnarls 383 



64. Cross-section through bark of the black currant 383 



65. Medullary ray in the first stages of gnarl formation 384 



66. Diagrammatic representation of mutual relations of fertilizers 400 



^7, 68. Cross-sections through the bud coverings of Quercus and of Pinus 409 



