XV 



Fig. Page 



69. Cross-section through the apical region of a closed blossom of Hifpeastruin 



robustum 418 



70, 71. Cork excrescences in Phyllocactus 428, 429 



72. Perforated potato leaf, due to cork formation 431 



~3. Grapes with cork warts on fruit stems 432 



74. Cross-section through the warty fruit stem of a grape 433 



75. Leaf intumescences in Cassia loinentosa 436 



76. Intumescence in Myrmecodia echinafa 437 



77. Intumescence on the stem of a grape ' 439 



78. Intumescence on the lower node of an oat plant 441 



79. Intumescence on stem of Lavetera truncsiris 442 



80, 81. Intumescence on branch of Acacia pcndiila ■ .442 



82. Cross-section through intumescence of Acacia pendula 443 



83. Intumescence on blossom of Cymbidium Lowi 444 



84. Cross-section through intumescence on perianth of Cyiiibidtiiiv. Loivi 445 



8s, 86. Intumescence on pea-pods 446, 447 



87. Cross-section through leaf tubercle of the rubber tree 450 



88, 89. Hyacinth bulb with pustules of the skin disease 451, 452 



90. Glassy place in Cere us nycticaliis 456 



91. Effect of hail on a blade of rye_ 464 



92, 93. Head of wheat broken by hail 465, 466 



94. Cross-section through tomato wall, injured by hail ...467 



95. Wind bent and broken spruces 473 



96. Craspedodromous and Camptodromous venation 478 



97. Oak, struck by lightning 482 



98. Cross-section through spruce with overgrown lightning wounds 484 



99. Cross-section through annual ring of a spruce, in year it was struck by 



lightning _. 485 



100. Cross-section through a blighted spruce tip 487 



101. Pine, artificially frosted 490 



ro2. Spruce, showing traces of artificial lightning 492 



103. Cross-section through petal of apple, injured by artificial frost S20 



104. Cross-section through young receptacle of apple injured by frost 521 



105. Primordia of apple flower bud, injured by frost 522 



106. Autumnal abscission layer of a horse chestnut leaf 528 



T07. Cross-section through a frost boil in an apple leaf -533 



108. Horse chestnut leaf, injured by frost and torn during unfolding 535 



log. Young rye leaf, injured by frost 538 



1 10. Natural cavities in the rye leaf 539 



Tii. Leaf node from a rye plant, injured by frost 540 



T12, 113. Membrane swellings on leaf sheaths of a rye blade, injured by frost 540 



1 14. Different forms of sterility 543 



115. Cross-section through internode of a sterile rye blade 544 



it6. Cross-section through the node of the sterile stalk 545 



117. Cross-section through a spruce branch, showing red wood formation ■••551 



118, 119. Red wood and strain wood in the spruce 552 



120. Cherry sapling infected with Falsa leucostoma 557 



121. Buds of the cherry, injured by artificial frost 560 



!22. Frost ridge on the trunk of Acer caiiipestre 567 



123. Oak stem, cleft by Polyponis snlfureus 569 



124. Starch structures formed in the willow branch by chloriodid of zinc 



treatment 572 



125. 126. Frost boil on a sweet cherry branch 573, 574 



127. Torn cork lamellae on branch injured by frost 576 



128. Splitting of a pear branch by artificial frost 578 



129. Swelling of cell walls after artificial frost 580 



T30. Internal splitting of cherry branch from artificial frost 582 



131. Bud cushion of a larch branch, injured by artificial frost 584 



T32. Overgrowing frost split in apple branch, produced by artificial frost 586 



133, 134, 135. Apple canker 587, 588 



136. Juvenile condition of apple canker 590 



137. Injurv to base of branch by frost 59i 



T38. Crotch canker 593 



T39. Cherry canker 595 



140. Canker excrescences in the grapevine 596 



141. Canker on Spiraea 599 



142. 143. Rose canker 602, 604 ■ 



