■ 6; 



oratory studies by field experiments. With the intention of carrying out such 

 practical agricultural experiments, the pathological division has installed cer- 

 tain supervising agents. When the results of such experiments, conducted in 

 the open in different regions, corresponded sufficiently Mrell, general conclus- 

 ions were drawn and the results published as speedily as possible. 



In Germany the first attempt toward organization was shown at the 

 Agricultural Congress in Vienna in 1890, where Eriksson and Sorauer 

 brought forward a proposition recommending to the government regulations 

 similar to those already carried out in America. With the intention of work- 

 ing out a special plan and the development of effective activity, an "Inter- 

 nationale phytopathologische Kommission" was formed by representatives 

 of all European agricultural countries and Sorauer, as secretary, was com- 

 missioned to bring out suitable publications. This furnished an incentive 

 for the foundation of the "Zeitschrift fiir Pflanzenkrankheiten" the first 

 annual series of which appeared in 1891. In the same way the interest in 

 establishing experiment stations and similar institutions for the special culti- 

 vation and the protection of plants in different countries, Avas stimulated and 

 successful. In iSSo^ Korn-Breslau published in Prussia a very thorough 

 report, "Ueber die Begrundung einer wissenschaftlichen Centralstelle 

 behufs Beobachtung und Tilgung der Feinde der Landwirtschaft aus dem 

 Reiche der Pilze und Insekten." The Imperial Government should have re- 

 sponded to such stimuli through the German Agricultural Council. In June. 

 1889, Julius Kiihn, through whose endeavors the experimental station under 

 Ilollrung was established in Halle a. S., brought this same subject before the 

 German Agricultural Society and in 1890 the Society established a "special 

 committee for the protection of plants" whose Board of Directors was form- 

 ed by Julius Kiihn, A. B. Frank and P. Sorauer. This special committee estab- 

 lished a net-work of information bureaux for practical agriculturalists which 

 covered the whole German Empire, and published successive "Annual Re- 

 ports from the special committee for the protection of plants,"- after Sorauer 

 had begun in 1891 a statistical revision of the rusts of grains. 



In 1890 the Phytopathological Laboratory at Paris was opened under 

 Prillieux and Delacroix and in Amsterdam on the nth of April, 1891, the 

 Netherland section of the International Phytopathological Commission was 

 established. This commission called Ritzema Bos to Amsterdam in 1895 as 

 director of the "Phytopathologisches Laboratorium Willie Commelin 

 Scholten." In this year, at the instigation of the Holland Phytopathological 

 Association and of the Phytopathological Division of the Botanical Society 

 Dodonaea, the "Tijdschrift over plantenziekten," edited by J. Ritzema Bos 

 and G. Staes was published. Meanwhile, an experimental station was found- 

 ed at the Pasteur Institute for the purpose of combatting injurious animals 

 by means of contagious diseases. In 1894 this was placed under the direction 

 of Metschnikofl. As director of the "Experimentalfaltet" at Albano, near 

 Stockholm, Eriksson was untiringly active. In 1895 he published test ex- 



1 Archiv des Deutschen Landwirtschaftsrates, Part 8, p. 307. 



2 Jahresberichte des Sonderausschusses fiir Pflanzenschutz.^ 



