69 



Thus the new science of phytopathology has taken to itself the same 

 literary methods which the older branches of knowledge use and which are 

 undisputably necessary for scientific progress. But the practical side of 

 phytopathology, viz., the protection of plants, has also found a desired de- 

 velopment. The idea of estabhshing special institutions, suggested in 1880 by 

 Korn, actively advocated in 1889 by Kiihn and further developed by Sorauer 

 at the International Agricultural Congresses and in the "Zeitschrift fiir 

 l^flanzenkrankheiten" was brought in 1891 to general attention in the Pruss- 

 ian Abgeordnetenhause (Chamber of Deputies) by Schultz-Lupitz in the 

 form of a motion. On the 27th day of April of the same year the "Reich- 

 sanzeiger" gave out that the motion of Schultz-Lupitz had been referred to 

 the Royal State Administration for discussion and at once the Department 

 of Agriculture attempted to. test the question in how far the production of 

 plants could be advanced by the enlargement of the scientific institutions sub- 

 ordinate to that purpose. As the question received a more thorough con- 

 sideration, it became evident that the best interests of the protection of plants 

 could only be had from an Imperial Institution. Such was now formed in 

 connection with the Imperial Board of Health as a "Biologische Abteilung 

 fiir Land-und Forstwirtschaft" and since 1905 this has been an independent 

 institution of the Empire. The department, at present under Aderhold's di- 

 rection, possesses in Dahlem, besides the proper laboratories, a very expensive 

 experimental field and has published its results at indefinite intervals since 

 1900. Besides these scientific works the "Biological Division" also publishes 

 popular bulletins and colored posters and in this way promotes the knowledge 

 of the most abundant animal and vegetable agencies injurious to plants. In- 

 formation as to their control is also distributed gratis, directly to these 

 workers. 



Besides the above mentioned imperial institution which now bears the 

 title, "Kais. Biologische Anstalt fiir Land-iind Fortswirtschaft," we find in 

 the different German States many organizations for the furtherance of plant 

 protection, which in part are associated with the already existing high 

 schools and experiment stations and in part are independent establish- 

 ments. Among these, besides the institutions already mentioned at Halle 

 and Geisenheim, there should be named also the Anstalt fiir Pflansenschutz 

 in Hohenheim, founded in 1902 and now under the direction of Kirchner. 



We also find in the other European countries an active development of 

 the study of plant diseases, proved by the publications of many institutions. 

 Among these belong the "Bulletin de la Station Agronomique de I'Etat a 

 Gembloux," Bruxelles (Em. Marchal), and "Travaux de la Station de path- 

 ologie vegetale," by Delacroix, Paris, the "Tijdschrift over Plantenziehten" 

 (Ritzema Bos) already mentioned and the "Eandbouwkundig Tijdschrift," 

 the "Oversigt over Landbrugsplanternes Sygdomme" Kjobenhavn, in the 

 "Tijdsskrift for Landbrugets Planteavl," Kjobenhavn (Rostrup), the "Upp- 

 satser i praktisk Entomologi," Stockholm (Lampa). "Beretning om Skadein- 

 sekter og Plantesygdomme," Kristiania (Schoyen). "Berattelse ofver skad- 



