70 



einsekters upptriidande i Finland" (E. Renter), in the "Landbruksstyrelsens 

 meddelanden," Helsingfors, the "Annual report of the consulting botanist" 

 (Carruthers) in the "Journ. Ro3al Agric. Soc," London. 



It is a matter of fact that countries outside of Europe have not been 

 backward in the endeavor to increase plant protection. This branch of 

 knowledge has been most advanced in North America where the Department 

 of Agriculture at Washington has devoted special attention as well to animal 

 enemies. Besides establishing the "Division of Entomology" which, by its 

 valuable investigations, contributes essentially to the knowledge of animal 

 injuries, the organization of meetings of agricultural zoologists is especially 

 noteworthy. In these meetings questions of general significance are dis- 

 cussed. Besides this, many investigators in the Universities and Experiment 

 Stations are working along these lines with gratifying results. Of the latter, 

 we will mention the Agricultural Experiment Station of the State of New 

 York at Ithaca and the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station. 

 l"\irther statements are made in our detailed exposition in which the different 

 bulletins of the institutions for the advance of plant protection are 

 mentioned. 



Besides the numerous publications of the United States of North Ameri- 

 ca, the magazines of other countries also furnish noteworthy contributions 

 to the knowledge of the diseases of cultivated tropical plants. Among them 

 belong the "Mededeelingen van het Proefstation voor Suikerriet in West 

 Java," the reports of the "Proefstation voor Cacao to Salatiga," Malang, the 

 "Boletim da Agricultura," S. Paulo, "Boletim del Instituto Fisico-Geograph- 

 ico de Costa Rica," "Queensland Agricultural Journal," "Australian fungi" 

 (McAlpine), in the "Proceed. Linnean Society of New South Wales," "Ad- 

 ministration Reports, Royal Botanical Gardens," Ceylon, "Report of the De- 

 partment of Land Records and Agriculture," Madras, and "The Journal of 

 the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokio," Japan. We must 

 refer to the "Botaniker-Adressbuch" by J. Dorfler, Vienna, 1902, for the 

 numerous other institutions and indi\ idaul investiirators. 



APPENDIX. 



In the above statements we have mentioned not only the literature on 

 the subject but also given expression to the leading ideas of the dififerent 

 periods in order to show how the science has gradually developed to its 

 present standpoint. To be sure, changes in the points of view on the nature 

 and role of parasitic organisms are not without interest, but no less interest- 

 ing are the references of the various authors to the influence of the stars, i. e. 

 the atmospheric factors, which may be traced as a red line through all the 

 reports. On this account we have often restated at length the earlier points 

 of view and find a striking agreement with the oldest periods since emphasis 

 is always laid on the dependence upon climatic and soil conditions and in part 



