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year. He then planted half of his greenhouse with the forcing variety pre- 

 viously used and the other half with an outdoor variety. The latter gave 

 healthy fruit up to autumn, while the half planted with the first variety 

 produced ruptured fruit from the beginning of May on. Such observations 

 give hints well worth noticing when choosing seed of vegetables which tend 

 to rupture. 



Thf. Woolly Streaks in Apple Cores. 



In describing apple varieties the expression "The carpels of the cores 

 rui)ture," is found stated here and there, as a characteristic of the variety. 

 According to the illustration here given, a condition of membranous carpels 

 is said to be indicated in which the inner walls of the core divisions are not 

 uniformlv smooth and solid, but show a surface crossed by streaks which 



Fig. 43. Cut apple, the coie of which shows woolly streaks (w). 



look white and woolly, and extend slantingly from the centre to the outside. 

 The phenomenon occurs fre(|uently and is considered to be normal, — which 

 deduction I do not care to hold to. Aside from the fact that under certain 

 circumstances all the fruit in the same variety does not show such woolly 

 streaks and that, in different years, it is developed to a diiiferent degree, 

 even appearing in isolated cases in varieties which, as a rule, have a smooth 

 core, the conditions found microscopically also prove splendidly the ab- 

 normal nature of these streaks. 



If a carpel with such streaks is cut through, as shown in Fig. 43 at w, 

 the appearance is found as given in Fig. 44. In this the side designated by 

 K is the inner wall of the core, while F indicates the outer side bordering 

 on the flesh of the fruit. In varieties of apples with smooth carpels, the 

 inner lining of the core is formed only of such cell elements, as are shown 



