473 



other side are more or less bent, overhanging the gutter and often exhibiting 

 a curved growth. The inequality of the root support is evident from this. 

 On the windy side of such a street, where the wind first strikes the surface 

 of the gutter, the root system has developed differently ; on this side, the 

 roots cannot extend as far but are strongly fastened wnthin the street dam. 

 The wind pressure finds in this support a sufficiently strong counterbalance ; 

 on the other side of the street, the conditions are reversed ; here, to be sure, 



Fig. 95, 



Two wind bent and broken spruces; the tree on the left has two witches' 

 brooms and three secondary tips. (After Klein.) 



the roots are better developed in the street itself, than on the side toward the 

 gutter, and form the anchoring apparatus which counteracts the strain of 

 the bending trunk. The propping side of the roots lies tow^ard the gutter 

 and, being weakly developed, causes the tree to incline toward this direction. 

 It seems, therefore, that the tap root planted at an angle against the direction 

 of the wind will form the most effective protection of fruit trees. Guy wires 

 attached on the windward side are more commonly used, and serve also to 

 relieve the strain of the tree, but may well be considered less useful. 



