633 



For the German climate, the following varieties of plums have, on an 

 average, best stood the test: Queen Victoria, Yellow Mirabelle (of Metz), 

 Double Mirabelle of Nancy, the German prune and the green Reine Claude. 



Of cherries, the following varieties survive the frosty days of spring 

 in spite of their early blossoming: the common sour cherry, Ostheimer 

 Weichsel, Double Glass cherry, large, long Loth cherry, and the Red Mass 

 cherry. 



For a more moist climate, the varieties might first come under consid- 

 eration which would stand the test in Schleswig-Holstein. As such should 

 be named the Peach Red Summer apple, Degener apple, Bath Beauty, Red 

 June apple. Summer Spice apple. White Summer Kalvill, William's Favor- 

 ite, the White Clear apple, originating from the Baltic provinces of Russia, 

 and the English varieties, Mr. Gladstone and Irish Peach (Summer Peach 

 apple) ^ 



The majority of the above-named varieties are early apples and we 

 think that the cultivation of early varieties must be recommended for the 

 conditions in northern Germany. To be sure, they usually do not give first 

 class fruit, but, with their shorter period of growth, they have the advan- 

 tage of maturing earlier, the growth of their branches thus passing over 

 into winter with riper wood which, therefore, is harder. In planting new 

 fruit orchards, the varieties should be considered first which have already 

 stood the test in a similar cUmate and under similar soil conditions. It 

 should not be forgotten, for example, that varieties, suitable for dry climate, 

 usually develop poorly in places by the sea, and conversely. 



In regard to soil conditions, reference should be made to the fact that 

 varieties, which grow well on light or on heavy soils, would most advan- 

 tageously be chosen from nurseries which have the same physical soil 

 constitution as is found in the place where the trees are to stand perma- 

 nently. A great difference between the place of early growth and the 

 permanent location in which the tree is planted, easily causes an arrestment 

 in growth until the specimen has accustomed itself to the new soil condi- 

 tions. The conditions are the most difficult in marshy soils, even when 

 these have been improved by mixing with lime and the addition of ashes, or 

 kainit and Thomas slag. Stoll- recommends, of the stone fruits, the com- 

 mon sour cherry and (with good liming) the house plum. The following 

 apples do well. Boskoop's Beauty, Golden Noble apple. Double Pigeon, 

 White Winter Dove apple, Boiken apple, Orleans Reinette, Gray Holland 

 Reinette, Parker's Pippin and Purple-red Cousinot. The Gravenstein, 

 Prinz and the Golden Pearmain grow well but are inclined greatly to canker. 



Only the following pear varieties should be named : the Yat, Chameu 

 Delicious and Great Katzenkopf. Of the small fruits, gooseberry and cur- 

 rants are planted on moor lands. 



1 Sorauer, Schutz der Obstbaume gegen Krankheiten. Stuttgart, Eugen Ulmer, 

 1900. 



2 Stoll, Obstbau auf Moorboden. Proskauer Obstbauzeitung 1906, p. 182. 



