8ii 



branch inclines from the vertical toward the horizontal. The same retarda- 

 tion of the apical growth is found, however, if branches are bent artificially 

 from a natural horizontal position toward the downward perpendicular, 



Figs. 190 and 191. Artificially bent apple twig- in longitudinal and in cross-section. 



from which it is evident that the bending itself exercises the arresting 

 influence. 



No externally perceptible wound is produced if the manipulation is 

 carefully carried out, though a somewhat greater tension may be seen on 

 the upper side and a folding of the bark on the under side. 



Fig. 192. Fold in the bark on the under side of the bend. 



The development of the buds is affected by the bending, since the buds 

 below the place of bending swell up more and, not infrequently burst pre- 

 maturely. The success depends upon the time and place where the branch 



