841 



Mutual Influence of Scion and Stock. 



In regard to the influence of the stock on the scion, the experience of 

 practical growers has shown for some time that apples set on Paradise 

 stock retain a lower habit of growth and at times bear fruit even in the first 

 year after grafting. In the Doucin the forms become larger and fertility- 

 begins after a few years, while the scion, on a stock of Pints Malus, attains 

 the usual tree form and bears fruit only after a considerable number of 

 years. For pears, the quince and Crataegus, which love moist soils, 

 form the best dwarf stock. For exposed or dry positions, Pirus Malus 

 prunifolia major, together with P. M. baccata cerasiformis, the cherry apple, 

 have been recommended from several localities as stock for apples^ P. M. 

 prunifolia, originating in Siberia, is hardy and may be used as a street tree. 

 It differs from the variety of P. M. baccata by its conspicuous, retained 

 calyx. With the variety of P. M. baccata belongs also P. M. cerasiformis, 

 which drops its calyx at the time of ripening. 



Lindemuth states, in regard to the life period of tree trunks, that varie- 

 ties grafted on Paradise stock seldom live more than 15 to 20 years, while 

 specimens grafted on seedlings of true tree varieties of Malus can become 

 150 to 200 years old. Of the remaining literature, we will mention the 

 following examples : 



Sour cherries grafted on sweet cherries thrive less well than sweet 

 varieties on sour ones-. Oberdieck found that sweet cherries bore abun- 

 dantly on sour cherries. 



Treviranus^ quotes that walnut and chestnut trees of the late sprouting 

 varieties are said never to succeed on early sprouting varieties (according 

 to Cabanis, Traite de la greffe). On the other hand, in seed fruits, this 

 method of grafting later varieties on early ones is said to have good results 

 and to bring about an earlier ripening of the fruit*. In peaches, grafting 

 in itself, whether of early varieties on late varieties, or conversely, seems 

 to give good results. Gauthier reported to the Parisian Societe cent, d' 

 Horticulture^ that he had grafted peaches in August or September on typical 

 fruit spurs {coiirsonnes) , as well as on those which have elongated, both 

 late varieties on early varieties, and conversely. The fruits are said to 

 become larger because, in the tree which is grafted with a late ripening 

 variety, the fruit of the stock can be harvested first and then the tree can 

 use its remaining strength to mature the fruit on the branches of the grafted, 

 late variety. In the opposite cases, of grafting on late varieties, the whole 

 tree becomes stronger because late varieties in general have a more luxuriant 

 habit of growth. 



1 Lieb, Pyrus Malus prunifolia major. Pomolog-. Monatshefte 1S79, p. 130. 



2 Lindemuth, Veg-etative Bastarderzeugung durch Impfung-. Landwirtsch. 

 .Tahrbiicher 1S78, Part 6. 



3 Treviranus, Physiologie der Gewachse II, 1838, p. 648 ff. 



4 V. Ehrenfels, tJber die Krankheiten und Verletzungen der Friicht- und Gar- 

 .tenbaume. Breslau 1795, p. 108. 



5 Ortgies, Vorteilhaftes Pfropfen von Pfirsichbaumen. Pomolog. INIonatsliefte 

 V. Lucas 1879, p. 61. 



