846 



stock. One of these three varieties, together with a small piece of its stock, 

 was cut ofif later. Immediately a sprout, standing near the centre of the 

 branch of the second inserted variety (Trebbiano) showed a spur with 

 grapes which resembled absolutely the variety (Golden Champion) which 

 had been removed. On either side of this abnormal spur, the Trebbiano 

 stock bore its characteristic fruit. Therefore, no other hypothesis remains 

 possible than that the Champion variety, which had been removed, had 

 exercised an influence backward into the stock (Black Alicante) and 

 through this to the laterally grafted Trebbiano variety. 



Lackner has cited another remarkable and older case\ He found in 

 the garden Palavicini near Genoa, under the name Maravilla di Spana, an 

 orange (Bigardia hisarro Riss.) which, on parts of its outer surface, showed 

 callus excrescences and corresponding ones in the flesh, resembling in places 

 a lemon, in others an orange and sometimes candied lemon peel. It has been 

 proved that this form originated about 1640 when a gardener in Florence 

 grafted some stock but the scion did not take. Directly beneath the place 

 grafted, however, a branch appeared which bore this very remarkable fruit. 

 The blossoms are likewise different, some being white, others red. 



In 1873 the "Revue horticole" published a case in which a Mr. Zen had 

 bred new rose varieties by grafting. These varieties remained true. 



Focke- mentions a white moss rose which had been grafted on a red 

 Centifolia. Such a plant developed bottom shoots which bore some white 

 moss roses, some Centifolia and also moss roses with partly red petals. 

 Besides the roses here described, Pirus, Begonia, Oxyria and Abies have also 

 been named as genera in which graft hybrids can occur. 



Daniels found a backward action of the scion on the stock in one in- 

 stance in which old pears, grafted on quince, had been sawed off 2 m. above 

 the surface of the soil. Branches developed from these naked stumps, some 

 bearing normal quince leaves, others mixed forms, between quince and pear''. 

 This same author, in collaboration with Jurie, cites similar instances in 

 grafted grapes. Of these, however, Ravaz* has proved that such variations 

 also occur in non-grafted vines. Such cases of interchange occur often ; 

 there is always a tendency to trace formal differences back to the special 

 influence of the grafting, which, in fact, are only variations in luxuriant 

 branches. Such variations appear also after severe pruning of the older 

 axes. We need recall only the manifold leaf forms on the bottom shoots of 

 Morus, Populus, etc., after the trunks have been sawed off. 



The majority of errors occur in grafting experiments on herbaceous 

 plants. For this we have also examples by Daniel^ who grafted turnip 



1 Lackner, Einfluss des Edelreises auf die Unterlage bei Orangen. Monatsschrift 

 d. Ver. z. Bef. des Gartenbaues v. Wittmark 1878, p. 54. 



2 Focke, Die Pflanzen-Mischling-e. Ein Beitrag- zu Biologie der Gewachse. Bot. 

 Centralbl. 1880, p. 1428. 



3 Daniel L. Un nouvel de la greffe. Compt. rend, 1903, Vol. XXXVII. 



4 Ravaz, L., Sur les variations de la vigne grefCee; response a, M. L. Daniel. 

 Montpellier 1904. 



5 Daniel L., Creation des variet#s nouvelles au moyen de la greffe. Compt. rend. 

 1894, I, p. 992. 



