INSECTS, FUNGI, PLANT DISEASES, ETC. 



135 



is of steel-blue color, with an orange band around the mid- 

 dle of the abdomen of the female. Her wings are blue, 



deposited the latter part of summer, at the base of the 

 trunk, on the soft bark; when hatched they bore their 

 way under the bark, sometimes proceeding upwards 

 along the trunk, at other times downward into the root. 

 Its presence is made known in spring by the effusion of 

 gum; as it does not penetrate the wood, it is easily traced 

 by its holes under the bark. The worm is soft, white, with 



Fig. 38 — Sannina exitiosa. a, Adult female, b, Adult 

 male, c, Full grown larva, d, Female pupa, e, Male 

 pupa, f, Pupa skin extruded partially from cocoon. 

 All natural size. Marlatt, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. 

 Agri. Cir. 17. 



a tawny, yellowish-red head, and sixteen feet, growing 

 to over half an inch in length. It forms a tough, pod-like 

 cocoon on the side of the root, jutting just above the sur- 

 face. Remedies are various. Haul the earth from the 

 collar of the tree, clean away the gum, and cut out the 

 grub with a knife and kill it; or pour scalding water into 

 his haunts from the spout of a tea-kettle, which will kill 

 the grub and benefit the tree; leave the basin about the 

 root of the tree open, and re-examine a few days later, 

 as some of the worms may have escaped. Where the 

 mercury does not usually sink below T 8° during the win- 

 ter, it is best to leave the collar of the tree uncovered 



