INSECTS, FUNGI, PLANT DISEASES, ETC. 



137 



insect is given, the natural size of which is indicated by 

 the cross lines, and in the same figure the magnified pupa 

 or chrysalis is shown at d, and the actual size at c. 



Remedies. — These insects increase so rapidly that un- 

 less destroyed at their first appearance, which is shown 

 by the leaves drooping and turning yellow, it is almost 

 impossible to eradicate them. Such plants should be at 

 once pulled up, and with the soil in which they grew, 

 burned, which will prevent their increase. Applications 

 of soot or salt upon the beds, of lime water, stale urine, 



Fig. 39 



Fig. 41. 



and tobacco water, are also employed, and beds strewn 

 with fine charcoal are said to be less liable to attack. It 

 is difficult, however, to reach the insect, except by pulling 

 up the bulb. It is said that removing the earth from the 

 onion bulbs as soon as growth has well commenced will 

 prevent the fly from depositing its eggs, and the onion, 

 being nourished by its fibrous roots, ripens and keeps 

 better. 



Professor Slingerland, entomologist of the Cornell 

 Station, New York, recommends spraying with the fol- 

 lowing: Dissolve one pound soap in half gallon water and 

 emulsify with one pint of crude carbolic acid. Spray 

 freely over the plants as soon as above the ground and 

 every few days after. 



