162 GARDENING FOB THE SOUTH. 



infested, and the tree will become defoliated. In many 

 instances the wood and the fruit also become affected 

 with the fungus. In the case of the fruit the surface 

 shows carmine red spots, which turn dark afterwards, 

 and the skin becomes roughened and then cracks, making 

 an unsightly fruit for market. 



This disease can be kept in check by the use of Bor- 

 deaux mixture at intervals of two weeks until about the 

 1st of August. The first application should be made 

 before the buds appear and three others at intervals of 

 ten days. Burn all leaves which fall from the tree that is 

 affected with the disease. 



Fusicladium dendriticum (Fckl.). Apple scab, leaf blight, 

 or leaf mildew. There are apparently two forms of this 

 fungus, one attacking the leaves and the other the fruit; 

 but, in fact, it is the same disease. For some years prior 

 to 1873 it was supposed by observers to be two distinct 

 fungi, but Professor M. C. Cooke has shown that they are 

 identical. The appearance on the leaves is in the form of 

 small olive-green spots, which as they increase in size as- 

 sume a velvety appearance with the borders more or less 

 irregular. The fruit shows a similar condition of the at- 

 tack. There is generally a light colored ring around the 

 borders of the spot. It has been determined that dry, hot 

 summers are unfavorable to the development of the fun- 

 gus, while wet springs and summers, and a cool condition 

 of the atmosphere, will cause the fungi to grow with con- 

 siderable vigor. 



This fungus does not penetrate far into the tissues, and 

 in its first stages it is exposed on the surface of the leaves 

 and fruit, so that spraying will kill the spores, but the 

 difficulty consists in the fact that the solutions which 

 are strong enough to accomplish this end will also de- 

 stroy the foliage of the tree. We must, therefore, com- 

 mence spraying in early spring before the buds begin to 



