INSECTS, FUNGI, PLANT DISEASES, ETC. 179 



These machines are so constructed 

 that as the pumping is carried on the fluids are kept in 

 constant motion, insuring a more perfect mixture of the 

 ingredients. 



The nozzle used in the working of these spraying 

 machines is a very important item. The best nozzle is 

 the one which sends out a fine spray over all portions of 

 the plant. It is not desirable to drench the tree until the 

 liquid runs off on the ground, but every part must be well 

 covered where there are indications of fungi or attacks 

 from insects. The Vermorel nozzle is considered to be 

 one of the best on the market. However, it throws the 

 fine spray but a few feet from the orifice, and this is a 



Fig. 73— McGowan's Nozzle. 



disadvantage where tall trees are to be treated. This diffi- 

 culty may be obviated by using a bamboo extension. 

 This is a bamboo cane in which is placed a %-inch brass 

 tube with couplings to enable the manipulator to attach 

 it to the nozzle, and to the tank containing the spraying- 

 materials. 



The McGowan nozzle is considered by many gardeners 

 to possess the advantage over the Vermorel form in the 

 fact that it not only sends out a fine spray, but it is 

 thrown with such force as to reach the highest trees in 

 the orchard. In this respect it has its advantages. It is 

 generally conceded, however, that for short distances the 

 Vermorel is the best sprayer, particularly for knapsack 

 work. It is good policy, where the gardener can afford it, 



