PINE FAMILY 



Buds. — Branch-buds ovate, acute, about one-half 

 an inch long, covered with acute, ovate, brown scales, 

 leaving their thickened base as they fall. 



Leaves. — In clusters of two, stout, bright green, 

 one and one-half to three inches long, twisted, soft, 

 fragrant, serrulate, acute with callous points ; fibro- 

 vascular bundles two. 



Flowej-s. — April, May. St am in ate flowers in 

 crowded clusters, oblong, one-third of an inch long ; 

 anthers brownish yellow with orbicular denticulate 

 crests ; involucral bracts eight. Pistillate flowers 

 near the middle of the shoot of the year. Sub- 

 globose, scales pale green, ovate with long, slender, 

 reddish tips ; scales orbicular. Peduncles long, 

 covered with brow^n bracts. 



Cones. — Lateral, oblong-conical, more or less 

 curved, one to three inches long, persistent for three 

 or four years. Scales nearly flat, thickened at apex, 

 armed with persistent prickles. Seeds oval, pale 

 brown ; wings broadest at middle, dark brown, 

 thin, smooth, one-third of an inch long. 



YELLOW PINE. SHORTLEAF PINE. 

 SPRUCE PINE 



Fmns echinhta. 



Usually eighty or one hundred feet high, with a tall 

 tapering stem and a short pyramidal head of slender 

 branches. Trunks injured by fire will often produce 

 shoots which are covered with lanceolate, long- 

 pointed, gray green primary leaves. Ranges in 

 sandy soil from southern New York to Florida and 

 west to Illinois, Kansas and Texas. Often forms 

 pure forests. A valuable timber tree, sometimes 

 worked for turpentine. Fruits when very young. 



Bark. — Pale reddish browm, irregularly fissured, 

 covered with small appressed scales. Branchlets 

 stout, pale green or purple, glaucous, later become 

 red brown, finally dark brown. 



Wood. — Orange or yellow brown, sapwood nearly 

 white ; varies in quality, the best is heavy, hard, 

 strong, coarse-grained, very resinous. Sp. gr.,o. 6104; 

 weight of cu. ft., 38.04 lbs. 



Leaves. — Borne in clusters of two, or pf three, 



Yellow Pine, Pi- 

 tins echinata. 

 Leaves 3' to 

 5' long- 



45* 



