PINE FAMILY 



unlike those of the Red Pine, they are from three to five 

 inches long borne in clusters of two, are a bright dark green, 

 and appear tufted on the branches. The cones are very like 

 those of the Red Pine, ovate, two to three inches long, and 

 the scales are destitute of prickles. 



SCOTCH PINE; SCOTCH FIR 



Phius sylvcstris. 



The Scotch Pine or Fir as it is called in England is perfectly 

 hardy throughout the north, where it is planted both as an 

 ornamental tree in parks and as a windbreak on the prairies. 

 It is a tree of wide distribution throughout Europe and Asia, 

 and is in fact, the principal timber pine of the eastern con- 

 tinent. But in the United States though beautiful when 

 young, it is not long-lived, and succumbs to disease and in- 

 sect enemies at the age of thirty or forty years. 



The leaves are in clusters of two, an inch and a half to two 

 and a half in length, stout, rigid, slightly twisted, bluish or 

 grayish green. The cones are ovate, from an inch to an inch 

 and a quarter long and abundant on the tree. 



WHITE SPRUCE 



Plcea canadSisis. Ptcea alba. 



A slender, conical, evergreen tree, usually sixty to seventy feet 

 high, its greatest height one hundred and fifty feet. Resinous ; foli- 

 age ill-smelling. Ranges from Newfoundland to Hudson Bay and 

 Alaska, southward to Maine, New York, and Michigan, west to 

 South Dakota, Montana, and British Columbia. 



Bark. — Light grayish brown, separates into thin plate-like scales. 

 Branchlets at first stout, pale gray green, smooth, during first winter 

 orange brown, later become dark grayish brown. 



Wood. — Light yellow ; light, soft, weak, straight-grained, satiny 

 surface. Used for construction, interior finish of houses, and wood 

 pulp. 



Winter Buds. — Light chestnut brown, ovate, obtuse, one-eighth to 

 one-fourth of an inch long. Branch-buds usually three. 



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