PINE FAMILY 



more, become pendulous. The cones are from four to six 

 inches long, beautifully pendent from the tips of the branches. 

 Take it, all in all, it is a very desirable tree, for ornament for 

 hedge or for wind-break. 



The Norway Spruce is the great tree of the Alps. It there 

 reaches the height of one hundred and fifty feet, forms exten- 

 sive forests, endures severe cold and reaches the elevation 

 of 4,500 feet above the sea. Its wood is the white deal of 

 Europe ; its resin. Burgundy pitch. 



HEMLOCK 



Tsuga canadensis. 



A conical evergreen tree, usually sixty or seventy feet high, maxi- 

 mum height one hundred feet. Loves steep rocky banks and narrow 

 river gorges, often found on mountain sides. Bark rich in tannin. 

 Grows slowly. Ranges from Nova Scotia to Minnesota and through 

 Michigan and Wisconsin, southward to Georgia and Alabama, 

 reaches its largest size on the mountains of North Carolina and Ten- 

 nessee. 



Bark. — Reddish brown or gray, deeply divided into ridges cov- 

 ered with closely appressed scales. Branchlets at first pale brown, 

 pubescent, later become darker, finally dark gray brown with purple 

 tinge. 



Wood. — Light brown or white ; light, soft, brittle, coarse, crooked- 

 grained, difficult to work, liable to splinter. Makes coarse lumber. 

 Sp. gr., 0.4239 ; weight of cu. ft., 26.42 Jbs. 



Winter Buds. — Light brown, obtuse, one-sixteenth of an inch long. 



Leaves. — Linear, flat, obtuse, rounded or emarginate at apex, en- 

 tire or obscurely toothed above the middle, dark yellow green, shin- 

 ing above, hoary beneath, spirally arranged around the branch but 

 appearing two-ranked iDy the twisting of their petioles, jointed to a 

 very short sterigmata and falling away in drying. One-half to three- 

 fourths of an inch long. Petiole short. 



Flowers — April, May. Monoecious. Staminate flowers axillary, 

 sub-globose, borne on slender stems, about three-eighths of an inch 

 long ; anthers pale yellow, pistillate flowers one-eighth of an inch 

 long, pale green. Scales short ; bracts broad, laciniate. 



Cones. — Bright red brown, suspended on short peduncles, ovate — 

 oblong, acute, three-fourths to one inch long. Remain on branches 

 until spring. Seeds small ■ wings short, broad. 



474 



