PINACEAE. — PINUS 11 



short leaves and small cones. Pinus leucosperma Maximowicz is founded on 

 specimens witli white seeds which appear also in other localities and represent 

 merely a variation in color not confined to Kansu, where the specimens on which 

 Maximowicz founded his species were collected, but is, in Kansu as elsewhere, an 

 occasional variation. Pinus tabulaeformis Carriere is apparently founded on For- 

 tune's manuscript name tabulijormis, for the Pine planted near Peking. Pinus 

 yunnanensis Franchet is the south-western form bearing the longest leaves and 

 the largest cones, presenting, however, great dimensional variations of fruit and 

 foliage in the localities where it is common. Mr. Wilson collected in Mupin the 

 typical P. yunnanensis on lower slopes, while above, on rocky ledges, he found a 

 tree (No. 1472) which, he admits, must be the same species but which has the 

 smallest cones and the shortest leaves of the collection. It is also noteworthy 

 that the leaves of the specimen (No. 1464) from the lower altitudes are more pre- 

 valently in fascicles of 3, while in the specimen from the ui:)per altitudes fascicles 

 of 2 predominate. That is to say, the diiTerence between these two trees is in 

 perfect correlation with their exposure. Pinus densata Masters and P. promiriens 

 Masters, present the extreme form of the oblique cone but. among these trees, 

 the subsymmetrical cone is also found and, with some numbers (Nos. 4073, 4074, 

 for instance) this character is intermediate. Pinus Henryi Masters and P. Wil- 

 sonii Shaw represent the form corresponding with Lambert's P. sinensis, which 

 is the proper name, it seems to me, for the Chinese mountain Pine. 



This species differs from P. Massoniana in its usually shorter, always stouter, 

 leaves, more often in fascicles of 3 — a rare condition in P. Massoniana; in its 

 always shortly ovate cone, yellow at maturity, for the cone of P. Massoniana is 

 usually long-ovate and always brown when ripe; in its conspicuously mucronate 

 conelet — that of P. Massoniana is partly mutic, partly tuberculate or minutely 

 mucronate; and in its short-capitate staminate inflorescence which never attains 

 the long dense clusters common to both P. Massoniana and P. densiflora. These 

 distinctions partly appear in the plates of P. Massoniana and P. sinensis, in 

 the quarto edition of Lambert's Genus Pinus of 1832. Here the staminate inflores- 

 cence of both species are illustrated and clearly distinguished, while the cone of 

 P. sinensis corresponds with the usual shortly ovate form characteristic of the 

 mountain Pine. Moreover, Lambert's statement that P. sinensis resembles P. 

 laricio can apply only to the mountain Pine with its yellow cone and stout leaves 

 and not at all to P. Massoniana with its cone always brown and its leaf always 

 very slender. In employing the name sinensis which, after Massoniana, is the old- 

 est name for a Chinese Pine, there should be no chance for confusion. 



Confusion of P. sinensis with P. Thunbergii Parlatore, is not possible, for the 

 white bud and the characteristic leaf-section of the Japanese Black Pine are not 

 found in China. Confusion with P. densiflora Siebold & Zuccarini is natural, 

 for the leaf-sections and the leaf-dimensions of the two are often similar. But 

 the cone of P. sinensis is tenaciously persistent, while that of P. densiflora is 

 deciduous or, when persistent, it has a weak hold on the branch. The color of the 

 P. densiflora cone is a dull testaceous yellow and remains so until changed to the 

 gray tones common to all long-exposed cones. The cone of P. sinensis changes 

 from a more or less lustrous yellow to a nut-brown before the ultimate change to 

 grey. 



Pinus Massoniana resembles P. densiflora in its long male inflorescence and in 

 its leaf-section, but differs in the brown color of its cone. The best distinction, 

 however, is found in the form and armature of the conelet. In P. Massoniana 

 the scales of the conelet are mutic toward its base, and tuberculate or minutely 

 mucronate toward its apex, the tubercle or mucro lying against the scale below. 

 In P. densiflora the scales toward the apex of the conelet are conspicuously mu- 

 cronate, the mucro dorsal and patulous, and not touching an adjacent scale. 



