56 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 



part; tree 10-30 m. tall, girth 0.5-6 m.); Changyang Hsien, mountain 

 slopes and ravines, alt. 1100 m., November 1907 (No. 798 in part; 

 tree 20 m. tall, girth 2.5 m.). 



This beautiful Cypress is widely distributed in the Yangtze Valley from the 

 sea coast to the extreme west of the country. It is particularly abundant in steep, 

 limest.me districts throughout western Hupeh and Szech'uan up to 1100 m. alti- 

 tude, but is much less common where red sandstone prevails. Often it is associated 

 with tombs and wayside shrines, and is commonly planted round temples. As 

 usually seen forming pure woods it is a slender tree with short, thin, more or less 

 pendulous branches. Old and isolated specimens develop a loose, wide-spreading 

 head made up of massive branches. The Chinese call it the " Peh-mu shu " (white- 

 wood tree) and esteem it one of the most useful of all their trees. The timber is 

 white, close-grained, heavy and exceedingly tough. It is largely employed in the 

 hulls and decks of native boats, for pillars in general construction work and for 

 all purposes where toughness and durability are the qualities desired. 



Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 55, 98, 309, 382, 461, 486, 533, 534, 

 OS, 0226, 0228, of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation 

 of Western China, Nos. 186-191. 



JUNIPERUS L. 



Sect. OxYCEDRUs Spach. 



Juniperus formosana Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXV. art. 

 XIX. 209, t. 38 (FZ. Mont. Formosae) (1908). 



Juniperus taxifolia Parlatore in De Candolle Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 481 (non 

 Hooker & Arnott) (1868), quoad specimen Fortuneanum, No. 47. — 

 Pritzel in Bat. Jahrb. XXIX. 219 (1900). — Beissner in Bull. Sac. Bat. 

 Ital. 1901, 360. — Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 543 (1902); 

 XXXVII. 413 (1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 268 (1903). — Matsumura 

 & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 403 (Ejium. PI. Formos.) 

 (1906). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 678 (pro parte) (1913). 



Juniperus rigida Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 186 (non Sie- 

 bold & Zuccarini) (1897). — Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 264 (1899).— 

 Masters in Jour. Bot. XLI. 268 (1903); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 413 

 (1906). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 678 (pro parte) (1913). 



Juniperus communis Franchet in Jour, de Bot. XIII. 264 (non Linnaeus) 

 (1899). 



Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang woodlands, alt. 

 600-1300 m., November 1907 (No. 696, in part; a thin tree 8-13 m. 

 tall, fruit orange-red) ; Changyang, mountain-sides, alt. 600-1600 m., 

 May 1907 (No. 696, in part; tree 6-13 m., branchlets pendulous); 

 without locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 370) ; Patung Hsien, 

 without precise locahty, A. Henry (No. 2876); without locahty, A. 

 Henry (No. 5). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, thickets on 



