58 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 



Juniperus rigidaW aWich. mss. exEndlicher, Syn. Conif. 19 (1847), quasi synon, 



J. squamatae. 

 Sabina squamata Antoine, Cuipress. 66, t. 90 (pro parte) (1857). 

 Juniperus recurva, j3. squamata Parlatore in De CandoUe, Prodr. XVI. pt. II. 



482 (1869). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 647 (1888). — Masters in Jour. 



Linn. Soc. XXVI. 543 (1902); XXVII. 413 (1906); in Jour. Bot. XLI. 



268 (1903). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 678 (1913). 

 Juniperis recurva Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 102 {PI. 



David. 1.292) (non Hamilton) (1884); in Jour.de Bot. XIII. 263 (1899).— 



Beissner in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. IV. 186 (1907). — Pritzel in 



Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 219 (1900). — Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 678 



(pro parte) (1913). 

 Juniperus recurva, var. densa Hort. Kew, 1880 (vix Carri^re) (in Herb. 



Arnold Arb.). 



Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien; Ta-pa-shan, moorlands and open, 

 rocky country, alt. 3000-3600 m., May 16, 1907 (No. 985, in part; 

 gregarious shrub, 0.3-1.5 m. tall); same locality, alt. 2600 m., A. 

 Henry (Nos. 6896, 6935). Western Szech'uan: west and near 

 Wen-ch'uan Hsien, moorlands, alt. 3000-4300 m., September 1908 

 (No. 985; shrub 0.3-2.5 m. tall); neighbourhood of Tachien-lu, alpine 

 regions, alt. 3000-5000 m., July and September 1908 (No. 985, in 

 part; shrub 25 cm.-1.5 m. tall, branches spreading, ascending at 

 apices); same locality, J. A. Soulie (No. 293); west of Kuan Hsien, 

 Pan-lan-shan, alpine moorlands, alt. 4000-4600 m., October 1910 

 (No. 4085; scrub 15 cm.-1.5 m.). Shensi: Tai-pei-shan, 1910, W. 

 Purdom. India: east Himalaya, Griffith (No. 4986); Kishtwar, alt. 

 4000 m., T. Thomson; Chumbi, 1877, Neempen. 



This Juniper is common on the tops of the higher mountains in western Hupeh 

 and eastern Szech'uan and in the alpine regions of the Chino-Thibetan border- 

 land it covers immense areas and ascends to a higher altitude than any other 

 woody plant except Ephedra Gerardiana, var. sikkimensis Stapf . Between 3000 

 and 4000 m. altitude it grows gregariously in association with a species of prickly 

 shrubby oak but above that altitude, and more especially where boulders of granitic 

 gneiss and sandstone occur, this Juniper forms a dense scrub, from 6 inches to 

 5 feet high. The stems are gnarled and twisted in all directions and it is almost 

 impossible to get through these thickets. In the more sheltered gullies round Ta- 

 chien-lu and in the forests to the north-east of that town this Juniper is frequently 

 met with in the form of a small or, much more rarely, a large tree (see variety). 

 In the vernacular of Tachien-lu this tree is spoken of as the " Hsiang-ching " 

 (fragrant green) or " Hsiang-sha " (Fragrant Fir) and the branches are used for 

 incense in the lamaseries and houses of Thibetans and related tribes. 



Juniperus squamata closely resembles some of the dwarf forms of J. communis 

 Linnaeus but its one-seeded fruit readily distinguishes it. We cannot agree 

 with Parlatore and others in regarding this Juniper as a variety of J. recurva 

 Hamilton and to say the least it would be very anomalous for the alpine form to 

 have larger leaves than the arborescent type. The discovery in western Szech'uan 

 of a tree form of J. squamata with larger leaves and longer internodes but other- 



