144 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 



of these as well as some at least of the Suntara, Keonla and Jambhiri oranges of 

 India (Bonavia, Cult. Orang. Lemons India, 44-62, Atlas, t. 114-138) as consti- 

 tuting subspecies or varieties of one very variable species. Better knowledge of 

 this complex group may resolve it into several closely allied species connected by 

 hybrid forms that have appeared in cultivation. Many, in fact most botanists 

 have considered this plant to be the typical Citrus nobilis Loureiro, but an atten- 

 tive reading of Loureiro's description will show that he had a quite different plant 

 in mind, doubtless some orange of the King type. 



A picture of this tree will be found under Nos. 456 and 457 in the collection 

 of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 167. 



Citrus grandis Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa, 98 (1757).^ 



Citrus Aurantium, y. grandis Linnaeus, S-pec. 783 (1753). 



Citrus Aurantium, 7. decumana Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 1101 (1763). 



Citrus decumanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, II. 508 (1767). 



Aurantium decumana Miller, Card. Diet. ed. 8 (1768). 



Citrus decumana Linnaeus, Syst. Veg. ed. 14, 697 (1784). — Poiteau, Pomol. 

 Frang. II. t. 344 (1846). — Nooten, Fleurs Fruits Feuill. Java, No. 4, t. 3 

 (1863). — Rissoin Nouv. Duhamel, VII. 107, t. 38, 42 (1816). 



Citrus Pamplemos Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Merid. I. 412 (1826). — Risso 

 & Poiteau, Hist. Nat. Orang. t. 62, 63 (1818-1822) .2 



Western Hupeh: Ichang, cultivated, alt. 40-300 m., May 1907 

 (No. 2229; tree 3-7 m. tall, fruit very bitter and dry); same locality, 

 December 1908 (No. 4743, fruit). Formosa: without locality, 

 cultivated, A. Henry (No. 318; glaucous form analogous to grape- 

 fruit of West Indies and America). 



The oldest name for this species seems to be that published by Osbeck in 1757. 

 There are several well-marked varieties that may upon study be found to merit 

 subspecific rank. Osbeck based his species on a round-fruited form with a spongy 

 skin a finger thick from Java. He found both a round form (lo yao) and a long 

 form (hon yao) at Canton, both of which he referred to Citrus grandis. 



Citrus ichangensis Swingle in Jour. Agric. Research, I. 1, fig. 1-7, 

 t. 1 (1913). 



1 Prelinnean names of this species are: 

 Malus arantia, fructu rotunda maximo pallescente humanum caput excedente 



Sloane, Voy. Jam., 41, t. 12, fig. 2, 3, 4 (1707). 

 Pompelmus Volkamer, Nilrnb. Hesperid. t. 190* (1708). 



Limo decumanus sive Pompelmoes Rumphius, Herb. Amb. II. 96, t. 24, fig. 

 2 (1741). 

 » Vernacular name: "Yu," (Giles, Chin. Diet. ed. 2, No. 13408), Li Shih-chen, 

 Pen ts'ao kang mu, 1596: (see Bretschneider, Bot. Sin. I. 54), Bk. 30, fol. 12-13, 

 figure in Atlas under leafy trees (Kuan mu) (crude, leaves without petioles), cited 

 from 1655 ed. — Wu Ch'i-chtin, Chih wu ming shih t'u k'ao, Bk. 32, fol. 6-7, with 

 1 plate, also supplement Chang pien, Bk. 15, fol. 28-29 (1848). — T'u shu tsi 

 ch'eng, 1728) (see Bretschneider, Bot. Sin. I. 71), Sect. 4, Science, Div. 20, Botany 

 (Ts'ao mu), Bk. 230, 1 pi., 3 pp., cited from large reprint. 



